Biological sciences / 8. Physiology of human
and animals
Candidate of biological sciences Arestova I.Yu.,
Doctor of biological sciences Alekseev V.V.,
Post–graduate student Larionova N.P.
Chuvash state pedagogical university named after I.YA. Yakovlev
MACRO- AND MICROELEMENT
COMPOSITION OF MUSCLE TISSUE of hogs, CONTAINED IN THE CONDITIONS OF
THE APPLICATION OF BIOPREPARATIONS
The article is devoted to the assessment of macro- and microelement composition of the muscle tissue of hogs when Permamik and
Calciphyte-5 is added to the basic ration,
taking into account geochemical specificity of the southern subzone of the
South-east region of the Chuvash Republic. It is revealed, that the application
of studied biological preparations enhances the quality of meat products.
Key words: biogenic substances, chemical
composition of muscle tissue, geochemical peculiarities.
Introduction. At defective feeding of
animals there appear characteristic signs of a violation of the immune system
and the gastrointestinal tract, and the deviation in the development of the
endocrine system, which hinders the achievement of high productivity and is the
cause of the deterioration of the quality of meat. [3; 9].
An important indicator of the nutritional value of pork is the maintenance in it of a considerable quantity
of mineral substances, many of which in the composition of biologically active
compounds influence on the activity of the body [6].
One of the important component of the technology of animal husbandry is
a program of the correction of their physiological state in the concrete
conditions of their zoning, which should be conducted from a position of
scientific justification for the application of new biogenic compounds, aimed
the enhancement of adaptive and compensatory reactions of the body with the
account of abiotic and biotic factors of the environment [2].
In
connection with this, the purpose of the work is the study of peculiarities of
chemical composition of muscle tissue of hogs when using Permamik and Calciphyte-5
in the biogeochemical conditions of the southern subzone of the South-east
region of the Chuvash Republic.
On the
basis of the purpose of the research, for the decision were made following
tasks:
– to study the influence of Permamik
at the macro- and microelement composition of muscle tissue of hogs, contained
in the biogeochemical conditions of the southern subzone of the South-east
region of the Chuvash Republic;
–
evaluate the feasibility of combined application of Permamik
and Calciphyte-5 and its impact on the macro- and microelement
composition of muscle tissue of hogs,
contained in the biogeochemical conditions of the southern subzone of the South-east
region of the Chuvash Republic.
Materials and methods of
research. The work performed during the period of 2008-2011
in the scientific-research laboratory of experimental biology at the Chuvash state pedagogical university named after
I.YA. Yakovlev, on pig farm «Baideryakovski» of the closed joint-stock
company (CJSC) «Progress» Yalchiki district of
the Chuvash Republic.
A
series of scientific-and-economic experiments and laboratory experiments using
45 pigs of large white breed is spent, for what they picked up on the analogy
principle, with the account of the clinical-physiological state, breed, age,
sex and live weight, 15 animals in each group. On the 14-th day of the content
the pigs were castrated.
Studies
took place on the background of the balanced feeding of the main indicators in
accordance with the norms and rations [5]. Hogs of the first group (the control),
with a 60- up to 300 days of age (the duration of the observations) contained
on the main diet (MD).
Second
group of animals against the background of the MD from 60-day age until they
reach the age of 120 days were daily fed with Permamik (complex powder,
consisting of Zeolite-containing Trepel of the Chuvash Republic, chloride or
carbonic cobalt, cobalt sulfate iron, sulfate or carbonic salts of copper,
zinc, potassium iodide and its stabilizer) in the dose of 1,25 g/kg of body
weight.
The
animals of the third group were held on the MD with the addition of Permamik in
the above-mentioned dose and timing, also from 60 to 180 days old, received in
addition Calciphyte-5 (mineral fodder additive. Composition: calcium,
phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, sulphur, iron, copper, manganese, iodine, silicon,
fluorine, bone flour, St. Petersburg, Institute of Veterinary Biology) in the
dose of 5 g per 10 kg of weight.
According
to soil-geographic zoning of the Chuvash Republic, the territory of the CJSC «Progress» refers to the zone of the
black soils, mainly podzol and leached subtypes. The mineral composition of
soil is characterized by low levels of I, Co, Mn, Mo, Si, Cr, F, Fe, Zn, Al,
what defines a moderate deficit of the mentioned microelements at all levels of
biogeochemical food chain [4].
At 3
animals killed for 60- and 300-th day of life defined the chemical composition
of the muscle tissue [1; 8].
Assessment
of the differences between the average values was carried out with reliable probability
of 95% (P<0,05) using the software package of the statistical analysis of
Microsoft Excel 2003 [7].
The research results and their discussion. It is revealed,
that the keeping of the study of micro- and macroelements in muscle tissue of
hogs in the 60-day age of the significant differences between the experimental
animals was not observed (table. 1), and all the indicators were within normal
limits [10; 11].
Chemical
analysis of samples of hogs meat at the completion of the monitoring showed
that in the 300 day of age most of the macro- and microelements in the muscle
tissue has increased, remaining within the limits of admissible norms.
Table 1.
Content of micro- and
macroelements in the meat of hogs
at the age of 60 days, mg%
|
Indicator |
Group |
||
|
1 |
2 |
3 |
|
|
Na |
84,5±7,33 |
81,2±1,75 |
84,7±7,18 |
|
K |
260,1±11,46 |
259,9±11,00 |
253,0±15,35 |
|
Ca |
10,9±1,27 |
11,1±1,23 |
10,9±1,27 |
|
Mg |
18,1±1,70 |
0,1±1,29 |
18,1±1,70 |
|
P |
64,5±5,41 |
63,1±1,72 |
64,5±5,41 |
|
Fe |
2,2±0,25 |
2,4±0,31 |
2,2±0,25 |
|
J |
5,83±0,32 |
5,53±1,75 |
5,03±0,64 |
|
Zn |
5,3±0,10 |
5,6±0,68 |
5,3±0,10 |
|
Cu |
0,04±0,01 |
0,04±0,01 |
0,04±0,01 |
|
Pb |
0,016±0,002 |
0,014±0,003 |
0,014±0,002 |
|
Cd |
0,0005±0,0003 |
0,0004±0,0001 |
0,0004±0,0001 |
|
Ac |
0,003±0,000 |
0,001±0,000 |
0,001±0,000 |
|
Hg |
0,0004±0,0000 |
- |
- |
However, the addition of Permamik and Calciphyte-5 to the diet, noticeably increased, in comparison with the control
animals, content of elements such as sodium, phosphorus and iron in the muscle
tissue of hogs. The difference between the first group and the second
respectively is: 41,93±of 3,43%mg; 11,4±3,55(P<0,05) and 1,5±0,51 mg%
(P>0,05). Between the first and third – 60,13±4,33; 19,8±1,67(P<0,05) and
4,8±0,06 mg% (P>0,05).
Less noticeable difference found in favor of the hogs of the second
group in comparison with a control on the content of potassium, calcium and
magnesium.
Thus, the concentration of potassium in the samples of muscle tissue of
the animals of the second group was more than in the tissues of the supervisory
hogs only on 2,9±0,95; calcium – 0,1±0,01 and magnesium on 3,7±1,33 mg%
(P>0,05).
A more significant difference is found in the content of potassium,
calcium and magnesium in samples of meat between animals of the control and the
third groups.
Revealed that potassium in the samples of animals, held with the
combined application of Permamik and Calciphyte-5 in comparison with animals, contained in the MD, there was more on 26,8±2,58 mg% (P<0,05),
calcium – on 2,6± 0,67, magnesium – on 2,1±0,43 mg% (P>0,05).
It should be noted that the high content of iodine found in the muscle
tissue of animals of the third group, which constituted 6,63±0,16 mg% compared to 5,43±0,24 mg%
in hogs of the control group (P>0,05).
Adding to the diet of only Permamik hasn't rendered
on the given indicator an essential influence.
Reliable difference in the concentrations of elements such as zinc and
copper in samples of hogs meat of all
groups has not been revealed. Zinc content ranged from 5,9±0,23 to 6,1±0,35
mg%, and copper from 0,04±0,01 to 0,09±0,01 mg%.
It was noted, that in all samples of muscle tissue of hogs of the control
group were found elements such as lead and cadmium in concentrations of 0,017±0,002 and 0,0005±0,0002 mg% respectively. Arsenic was
found only in one sample of muscle tissue in the concentration of 0,003 mg%.
Mercury was also found in one sample at a concentration of 0,0004 mg%.
It
should be noted, the complete absence of mercury in the samples of pig meat of the
second and third groups. Also the samples of muscle tissue of animals of the
second group did not contain arsenic, which was found in one sample of the meat
of animals of the third group, but its concentration was 0,001 mg%.
The
content of elements such as lead and cadmium in the muscle tissue of hogs,
contained with the use of studied drugs amounted to respectively: 0,014±0,002 and 0,0001±0,0001 mg% (the
second group) and 0,008±0,003 and 0,0001±0,000 mg% (the third group). That is
lower compared to the control animals on 0,003–0,0004 and 0,005–0,0004 mg%.
So, it
is established that in the geochemical conditions of the southern subzone of
the South-east region of the Chuvash Republic feeding hogs with Permamik and Calciphyte-5 increased the content in the muscle tissue
of sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, iron and iodine, and
reduced the content of lead and cadmium, that, undoubtedly, improved
nutritional value of meat products. And indicators were more marked in the
conditions of combined use of animals of Permamik with Calciphyte-5.
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