Экономические науки/3. Финансовые отношения

P.G.S. Sukhovyi Denys

Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Ukraine

Standards and norms as elements of the financing of public social security

The elements of the financing of public social security are the standards and specifications. Without the establishment of standards and norms of financing public social security can not achieve social cohesion between people, government and employers, and therefore economic stability. Social guarantees in the face of society provides special government bodies, trade unions, NGOs [1]. Troubleshooting welfare state requires the introduction of civilized social standards and norms.

In determining the size of salaries, pensions, social benefits, should build on calculations aimed at establishing a real, not far-fetched "consumer basket". Such calculations have become basic in determining the size of benefits that provide a decent standard of living of the population and specific groups.

The purpose of state social standards and regulations is to define the mechanism of realization of social rights and state social guarantees citizens the Constitution of Ukraine, priorities of state social policy on human needs in material goods and services and financial resources for their implementation, identify and justify the size requirements State Budget of Ukraine, Autonomous Republic of Crimea and local budgets, social funds for social protection and maintenance of social sphere.

On the basis of social standards determined by the size of basic social guarantees: minimum wage, minimum pension age, non-taxable income, size of state social assistance and other social benefits.

However, despite the measures taken in the field of social welfare, aimed at strengthening social protection, the size of individual payments are below the subsistence level, in particular - help low-income families and assistance provided under the Law of Ukraine "On state social assistance to persons who are not entitled to a pension, and persons with disabilities. " It is used to calculate the index "level of subsistence," which is the Law of Ukraine and this lowers the fundamental social standards.

In a developing country growth is a combination of budget financing institutions and organizations, with the development of paid services and performance of work under contracts with companies and organizations for a fee. This implies their rational, reasonable combination, rather than replacement of free services paid. System of budget financing method uses standard costs, and financing costs, based on actual performance. Of particular importance are the standards that characterize the requirements for public performance use of budgetary resources. They fixed the minimum permissible value of the economic efficiency of budgetary resources is socially justified the size of their efforts to achieve the most benefits.

Law of Ukraine "On State Social Standards and State Social Guarantees" not resolve the question of forming a system of social standards and norms, because they are inefficient for economic and social development [2].

One important reason, in our opinion, is that the Law does not clearly defined the essence of most of the terms "social norms", "social standards" and in accordance with the tasks that they perform as well as a comprehensive and systematic nature of these indicators. A vague understanding of these parameters is difficult to formulate even the very principle on which should be built appropriate social norm or standard.

The law also states that "State Social Standards" - is established by laws and other regulations of social norms and regulations or their complex, which will be determined based on level of basic state social guarantees.

Note the ambiguity and arbitrariness of application and interpretation of such concepts as "social standards", "social norms", as in scientific papers. Therefore, their practical application to cover both of these categories that will allow to identify their impact on the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the category "State Social Guarantees".

The concept of "standard" should take in the meaning of mandatory requirements that set maximum allowable values of certain parameters and characteristics to ensure quality living conditions, such as standard free area of social housing, benefits from the use of utility services and more.

As the term "State Social Standards", the methodological problem in using them is the identification of social standards of the state social guarantees.

Social standards are to form an idea of the material and social benefits or their totality to ensure "normal" (for this country and this time) "worthy" (in terms of population) the level and quality of life of the general population. It can be set by policymakers as a standard, and determine the statistical method, ascertaining what people have on this level. Thus, standards of poverty in economically developed countries for people from other countries seem welfare standards.

The main role of social standards is helping to define the standard of living of the population that actually emerged at this time in a country that is relevant to determine the actual performance to those that characterize the desired standard of living. Thus, in the social standards should be performance, value which defines the goals of long-term development in the construction of state economic growth.

In this regard, it is logical that for the complex nature of social standards, they should correspond with each other in a generalized category of "living" [3, p. 296]. However, a specific methodology for this process is suggested by the authors, and the term "social standards" is defined as a set of measures, methods and tools aimed at the establishment, maintenance and support required level of living.

The most reliable estimate of the standard of living will allow the system of social standards that reflect different levels of welfare, from poverty to a high level of security. They should be developed based on consumer budgets set by regulations. This is the first of such factors as cost of living, the minimum consumer budget and rational consumer budget.

They can be important indicators of the effectiveness of social policy, since cost of living characterized by poverty, the minimum consumer budget shows the achievement of acceptable social welfare, the budget determines the high abundance of wealth.

It is appropriate, but subsistence, enter multiple levels of welfare budgets, in particular, the rate of the minimum consumer budget and high budget consumer welfare. It should specify that the state guarantees only provide minimum social standards - a living wage.

In this case, the rate of subsistence will serve an important social standards in the regulation of all incomes.

However, now living wage is defined in the law as a basic social standard, not the social norm, on which are determined by the level of social guarantees. The current living wage to be approved by the Law of Ukraine "On Living Wage", in its composition (not just the minimum consumption of food and nonfood goods and a limited range of services at the lowest prices, but visiting such establishments of culture and recreation), and the ratio with an average standard of living is a social subsistence level.

Therefore, a living wage, calculated by standard statistical methods may not be state social guarantees. This state can only guarantee a minimum level of consumer budget, based on a defined minimum income (wages, pensions, unemployment benefit).

Turning to foreign experience, it should be noted that in the U.S. in the calculation of cost of living the method in which the estimated cost of customized food set, and then, based on the conditional correlation between the size of a living wage and the cost of food set as three to one, determined by size subsistence. In Eastern Europe to determine the lower limit of wages, minimum pensions are usually used social minimum, in contrast to subsistence Ukraine, includes a comprehensive set of industrial products, such as Bulgaria - 680 positions.

Variety of control of basic parameters and characteristics of people's lives can lead to the conclusion that between social indicators do not have a close connection, can not build a common methodological approach to their construction. However, detailed analysis on standardization and normalization, you can find some common points. A characteristic feature of social norms is that they are all connected with the process satisfy certain specific needs.

The structure of social norms should be:

1. The subsistence minimum as the basic social standards should be aimed at ensuring the level of the main types of income. On the basis of developed state social guarantees minimum wages, pensions, unemployment benefits, social benefits to persons not entitled to a pension.

2. Social norms provide the basic services provided at no charge government agencies. This set of standards must include nomenclature, a list, a set of services defined by law as such that should be public and free to be the only in Ukraine.

3. Norms to provide assistance to persons with disabilities (according to the criteria of age, disability, etc.). For various social and demographic characteristics of the case differentiation special needs, that we can speak of social and group norms.

4. Standard compensation: professional and social groups work. Today Ukraine is delineated reasons for the need to grant privileges.

Formation of state social security system based on standards will allow for targeting their direction, to substantiate adequate forms of support of various social groups in need of social protection, make the transition to monetary form of exemptions.

Using state social standards and norms will help solve a number of systemic problems, including inter-governmental regulation, the calculation of the budget needs of regional, state regulation of personal income and wage reform, assessment of economic self-sufficiency of citizens and their families determine the level of economic and social security , targeted social protection and others.

State classification of social standards and norms, which is part of the state system of classification and coding of economic information developed in Ukraine for the Constitution of Ukraine of social rights and state social guarantees adequate standard of living for every citizen, the legal establishment of major state social standards and norms differentiated by socio-demographic approach to defining standards of scientific justification consumption rates, transparency and public control in their definition and use [4].

Law of Ukraine "On State Budget for 2012" provided for in 2012 five times to raise social standards for the population that will strengthen social protection of most vulnerable citizens.

Thus, building a system of state social standards and regulations has become a major part of the new social policy, the most important means of improving the management of social processes and social crisis areas. Deviations of the actual level of a social indicator of its legal significance is a signal to the need for the current decisions on regulation and control of the object or process.

Literature:

1. Башнянин Г.І. та ін. Політична економія: Підручник для вузів / Г.І. Башнянин, П.Ю. Лазур, В.С. Медведєв. – К.: Ніка-Центр, Ельга, 2000. – 442 с.

2. Про державні соціальні стандарти та державні соціальні гарантії: [Електронний ресурс] / Закон України від 05.01.2000 № 2017-III // Режим доступу: http://zakon.rada.gov.ua/cgi-bin/laws/main.cgi?nreg=2017-14.

3. Проблемні питання праці та соціальної політики: Моногр. / За ред. М.М.Папієва, Т.М.Кір’ян. – К.: Соцінформ, 2003. – 510 с.

4. Про затвердження Порядку надання державної соціальної допомоги інвалідам з дитинства та дітям-інвалідам [Електронний ресурс] / спільний наказ Міністерства праці та соціальної політики України, Міністерства фінансів України та Міністерства охорони здоров'я України від 30.04.2002 № 226/293/169 // Режим доступу: http://zakon2.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/z0466-02.