Экономические науки/15. Государственное регулирование
экономики
Ткачёва Н.И., Черкова
М.Ю.
Харьковский национальный экономический университет
INSTITUTIONALIZATION
OF INNOVATIVE DEVELOPMENT IN A GLOBALIZING WORLD ECOMONIC
The main
strategic task for Ukraine in the nearest future is the transition to an
innovative model of development. The creation of a stable institutional
environment, the formation of state and market institutions, and the
effectiveness of their interactions are key aspects of the transition. Moreover,
an integral system of economic relations that would lead to sustainable
development of the whole country in a globalized international economic
relations should be formed. However, there are a number of problems that are
currently unsolvable for Ukrainian economy. Among them we can name
disadvantages of the transition to an innovative model and the failure to
create institutions that would be useful not only here and now, but also in
future periods. This is determined by the failure of the state to execute its functions,
which, in turn, causes a number of problems associated with the structural imbalance
of innovative ties. All mentioned above contributed to the urgency of this
issue today.
The objective of
the article is to determine the theoretical foundations, as well as to analyze
the characteristics of the institutional environment and the interaction of
institutions that could lead to a certain crisis of economic relations in the
globalization process.
To achieve the
objective the following tasks were set: to reveal the essence of the concepts
of institutionalization and creation of an effective institutional environment;
to consider fundamental problems of the process of institutionalization in the existing
conditions of Ukrainian economic environment; to analyze the impact of the distinguished
problems on the impossibility of the country's transition to an innovative
model of sustainable long-term development.
The object of the
research is the process of institutionalization, which causes the transition to
an innovative model of strategic development.
The subject is the
institutional environment, which serves as the basis for the formation of
effective institutions that interact with each other, creating an integrated system.
The study is made
by the methods of theoretical generalization and comparative analysis to
determine the theoretical foundations of the problem under view; the
dialectical method, the methods of induction and deduction are used for solving
the tasks set; the method of a comprehensive analysis is used to determine the
underlying problems in the process of institutionalization of Ukrainian
economy.
The urgency of
the institutionalization process as an unconditional phenomenon of innovation
development in the process of economic system creation has been considered by
Y. Bajal, O. Batura, V. Geits, V. Tarasevich,
A. Chukhno, etc. [Bajan: 2004, Batura: 2009,Geits: 2004,Tarasevich: 2010,Chukhno:
2008].
Firstly, the term
institutionalization was used in sociology, and only later it was borrowed by
economics. Institutionalization is the replacement of the "spontaneous and
experimental behavior to the behavior expected, predictable and adjustable"
[1, p.5]. This results not only in the identification of the main rules and regulations,
in fact, institutions, but also in their subsequent consolidation, streamlining
and forming of an environment, which is called institutional. In its turn, the
institutional environment is a combination of formal and informal institutions
of the country under influence of which any activity, including economic one,
is conducted. [1]
We need to point
outthat a small legacy, which was left to Ukraine after the collapse of the
Soviet Union should not only be maintained, but also be kept as the basis for the
creation of an effective institutional environment, using modern management
techniques, technology and investment.
First of all, the
institutionalization of innovation process should create the conditions for
protection, usage and re-creation of the innovative potential of Ukraine. In
this context, it is possible to say that the important chain of links
"science-technology-production" is not only destroyed, but is not
renewed again in the country, which is a characteristic feature of the present
situation in Ukraine [2, p. 32]. In
our country we can observe only a few, small links of the chain, the quantity
of which is not sufficient to move to an innovative model of development.
Ukraine is in losing position comparing with the countries of the world that
have managed not only to recreate such process, but also to adjust it to their
own economic system, interacting, both within the country and abroad.
In Ukraine, one
can hardly observe pulses to enhance the process of institutionalization, as
well as to raise capital in innovation. That is why the formation of an
effective institutional environment is pretty slow.
One of the main disturbing
obstacles to increase innovative potential of Ukraine is the institutional gap
between science and industry. For example, in other developed countries,
science became a locomotive, a productive force. In Ukraine, an explicit part
of the production capacity is not used or is not ready to adopt the scientific
and technological innovation. The existence of this gap reflects a problem of
inconsistency and lack of economic and social incentives for the development of
science.
Another problem
of a slow transition to an innovative model is high transaction costs. The
researchers attribute this to the distortion ofmarket of information and price
signals, due to mismatch of supply and demand for innovative products, as well
as significant structural imbalances in the national economy, along with high degree
of monopolization in the innovation sphere [3, p.197]. High transaction costs,
in turn, couldbe explained by the incompleteness of innovative products and
services market formation, as this market is quite fragmented due to the
existence of the expansion of world leaders that create difficult conditions
for domestic producers of innovative products.
As for the world
economic environment, the introduction and interaction with international
organizations provide additional positive impulses to the development of the
Ukrainian economy. However, a significant obstacle in this process is the high
external debt of the country, coming out of the credit system of the IMF. This
reduces the possibility of Ukraine's further use of the resources on
reconstruction and improvement of the institutional environment in the field of
innovation. This interference into the process of institutionalization is
unavoidable, not only today but also in future periods.
That is why it
can be concluded that the innovative potential of Ukraine may be used only as a
gradual reconstruction and organic restructuring of the national economy.
Institutionalization process is slow, causing the impossibility to create
effective institutions and interactions between them. This not only slows down
the development of Ukraine as a whole, but also makes it impossible to solve this
problem due to the existence of complex credit and monetary relations with
international organizations. The prospect of the transition to an innovative
model of development is determined not only by the institutions, but also, in
particular, by the depth and nature of economic and institutional reforms that
will be positive in the innovation sector of the economy. In the institutional
area we need to implement the institutionalization that would take into account
huge domestic experience of scientific development, as Ukraine managed to
follow scientific traditions that can regenerate and create new conditions for
sustainable economic development.
REFERENCES
1.
Chukhno, A. Institutionalism: Theory, methodology, value // Economy of Ukraine.
– 2008. – № 6. – P. 4-13.
2.
Afanasieva, Y. Innovative development: a new concept of monopoly and
competition // World Economy and International Relations. – 2005. – № 2. – P.
31-34.
3.
Dorofiyeva, Y. Analysis of socio-economic factors of innovation of the development
of Ukraine // Regional problems of human and social development: Abstracts and
messages of intern. scientific-practical. conf. (Donetsk, 4-5.11.2008): In 2
Volumes – Vol. 1 / NAS of Ukraine. Institute of Economics; Edit.: O. Amosha and
others. – Donetsk, 2008. – P. 195-200.
4.
Geets, B. Nature of transaction processes to a knowledge economy // Economy of
Ukraine. – 2004. – № 4. – P. 4-14.