Meдицина/8. Mорфология

 

assistant Skoruk A.G.

Department of pathology, forensic medicine and law

Vinnitsa national Pirogov memorial medical university Vinnitsa, Ukraine

The topographicanatomical characteristic of components of the upper mediastinum in five-month human fetuses

 

     Continued studies on the formation of patterns and topography of organs and structures of the fetus has a particular importance for the interpretation of the true course of organogenesis processes [1]. For example, in modern scientific literature there is no single term to describe changes associated with increased thymus in children, and the changes that is seeing is not always possible to clearly separate stages of normal development of the changes that are caused by a pathological process [2]. Therefore, in addition to shaping features of the cancer rather important point is the question syntopy organs and structures of the mediastinum. Increase in the number of congenital diseases, blood vessels and nerves of the upper mediastinum (UpM) determines are increased interest of researchers to further explore their typical and variant anatomy [3]. Further study of morphological (physiological) rules topographically adjacent structures UpM in prenatal ontogenesis will enable children to distinguish a number of manifestations of age - related changes of their pathology.

 

    The aim of the work was to determine the topographical relationships (syntopy) components of the upper mediastinum in five-month human fetuses.

 

    Materials and methods. Studies 5 and fetus preparations person 136,0-185,0 mm parietal-coccygeal long held methods of preparing thin thmus and mediastinal organs under the control of binocular loupe, morphometry, macro-and microscopy-based Vinnitsa pathoanatomical bureau

    Discussion of results. In fetuses 136,0-185,0 mm parietal - coccygeal length within UpM trachea occupies a central position, while the esophagus is shifted slightly to the left of the median plane of the jib. At the end of the 5th month of fetal development tracheal length 25.9 mm, diameter 6.0 mm, length thoracic esophagus 40.5 mm. In tracheo-esophageal sulcus is turning left laryngeal nerve. To the left lateral surface of the esophagus adjacent left common carotid artery, and the surface of the trachea anterolateral – shoulder - main trunk. Tracheal bifurcation occurs at mid-body of the II-th thoracic vertebra. Pulmonary trunk directed obliquely upwards to the left and back in front of the ascending aorta. Under the arch of the aorta at the level of the III-th thoracic vertebra pulmonary trunk divides into right and left pulmonary artery. The left vagus nerve adjacent to the lateral surface of the left common carotid artery and the right vagus nerve is located at 4.5 mm posterior to the lateral surface of the trachea. When going into the chest cavity as right and left vagus nerves pass through the front surface of the respective subclavian artery. Right turning laryngeal nerve is branches off from the right vagus nerve at the level crossing nerve with right subclavian artery. The right vagus nerve passes behind the root of the right lung and is located in the tissue between the right main bronchus and odd vein. To the right main bronchus adjacent front right pulmonary artery and medial to and slightly above it - the superior vena cava. The left vagus nerve adjacent to the posterior surface of the left pulmonary artery, the left main bronchus and not touching the bottom of the left pulmonary vein at the level of its upper half - turn goes back to the esophagus, adjoining on the verge of anterior and lateral surface of the body. Superior vena cava, 10.0 mm in length, formed by the confluence of the right and left shoulder, major venous connection right behind II-th costal cartilage of sternum. Left shoulder - home vein, length 4.5 mm, is formed behind the left sterno-clavicular joint, directed obliquely down to the confluence of the right shoulder, the main vein, which has a length of 16.0 mm.

 

    Conclusions. 1. Conquered and systematized embriotopographical data must play one of the crucial value in preventing perinatal patology, and the results of research can be applied in laboratories screening material for morphological assessment of maturation and prediction of viability of the organism and diagnose deviations from normal development and their correction. 2. Further study of morphological (physiological) rules topographically related structures of the upper mediastinum in prenatal ontogenesis will enable children to distinguish a number of manifestations of age-related changes of their pathology.

 

Literature:

1.     Нариси перинатальної ана­то­мії / Ю.Т. Ахтемійчук, О.М. Слободян, Т.В. Хмара  [та ін.]; за ред. Ю.Т. Ахтемій­чука. – Чернівці: БДМУ, 2011. – С. 295-299.

2.     Скорук А.Г. Тимомегалія в структурі летальності дітей з патологією загруднинної залози / А.Г. Скорук, А.О. Гаврилюк // Biomedical and Biosocial Anthropology. – 2012. – № 18. – С. 231-233.

3.     Skoruk A.G. Variant atypical location of organs and structures of the upper mediastinum in the fetus 6-months of fetal development / A.G. Skoruk, A.О. Gavriluk // Найновите постижения на европейската наука – 2012: VIII Международна научна практична конференция (Република България, гр. София, 17-25 юни 2012): материали конф. – София: “БялГРАД-БГ” ООД, 2012. – Том 15 “Лекарство”. – Стр. 67-68.