Ksembaeva S.K., Kabzhanova G.A

Development of tolerance as a condition of the formation of multicultural person in higher education

Pavlodar State University named after S.Toraigyrov

In a modern society with a significant upgrade vocational education not only prepares professionals, but also teaches responsibility for their actions harmonious relationship with themselves, with others, with the world.

The present educational system is designed to make its own contribution to the integrity of the person, his outlook, qualities, abilities needed for self-realization in his professional work, family socialization.

History ethnic relations in Kazakhstan shows that tolerance, toleration attitude to other peoples in our country was founded in national psychology and mentality of nomads, as Kazakhstan passed through and lived in it many nationalities and ethnic groups, since the great migration of peoples. They all passed and left a piece of their culture and way of life. Kazakh ethnos absorbed from these peoples only best and most useful to him in ethno-political development and cultural formation.

Thus, the steppe has historically been set up to international understanding and ethnic contacts with other ethnic groups. So today, in Kazakhstan there is such a supportive environment ethnic harmony

In matters of public administration the focus of such phenomena and the values of peace and harmony, friendship and tolerance of our people. Thus, the unity of ethnic groups, inter-ethnic and inter-religious harmony and mutual respect were the citizens in this country and the driving and guarding force in the development of society. And largely because of the years of independence Kazakhstan has produced a unique model of interethnic and interreligious harmony, recognized all over the world. Established in 1995 on the initiative of the President of the country N.A Nazarbayev's Assembly of Kazakhstan has a unique mechanism of inter-cultural and inter-ethnic dialogue, an effective tool of public diplomacy, cooperation between the state and civil society. Largely through the work of the Assembly of People of Kazakhstan in the Republic in the sphere of inter-ethnic and inter-religious relations managed to maintain peace and prosperity. That under the auspices of the Assembly together more than 130 ethnic groups, rightly gives grounds to call this organization as it is figuratively called President Nazarbayev, "UNO in miniature" - organizations, institutions, acting on the basis of a model of trust and tolerance , solidarity and mutual understanding among all ethnic groups.

The main result of the work in this area today is that all the years of independence, peace and harmony prevail in our society. As President, NA Nazarbayev, the principle of tolerance is not only the norm of political culture, but also one of the key principles of the state, we most emphatically maintained and strengthened.

At the same time, a variety of ethnic groups, as an inexhaustible source of spiritual moral values, however, gives rise to certain problems. Development of harmonious inter-ethnic relations and interfaith harmony requires a comprehensive approach and effective mechanisms for the state and the public anticipate and manage.

In the reform of the education system, a national model of education policy of the state could not but have an impact on the education system. Determination of the main international instruments and in the legal system of the multinational state such general goals of education in itself is of great importance, because it means that the rights and freedoms without any distinction as to race, religion, language and nationality. Targeted education, organized by the society (university, school, family, community organizations) occurs more successful than fully considered the impact that the objective conditions for man's life, the social environment. The Law "On Education" Republic of Kazakhstan there is no separate section or article specifically devoted to the regulation of relations actors in the implementation of educational space ethnocultural orientation of education. The preamble of the Act is interpreted as the formation of a focused process of education and training for the benefit of man, society and the state. In this case, nothing is said about the interests of a particular ethnic group.

Analysis of the content of art. 2 "Principles of State Policy in Education" shows that it is the legal basis for the search for a balance of ethnicity and educational interests of the multinational state. First of all, this article, as the principles of the state policy in the field of education, along with other proclaimed priority of human values and the free development of the individual. Implementation of these principles should help to find the right balance in the content of education of ethnic, cultural and human values. Essential for the development of intercultural dialogue in the implementation of ethno-cultural orientation of education is part 4, art.14, which requires that the content of education to promote understanding and cooperation between people, nations, irrespective of race, nationality, ethnicity, and takes into account a variety of philosophical approaches of educational process. Full multicultural education students, taking into account cross-cultural competence, provides educational environment that functions in certain organizational and pedagogical terms, understood and accepted by all participants in the educational process: the teaching staff and the learners themselves. Under the education and educational space we mean the educational environment and the social and educational work to ensure the formation of a multicultural person.

The modern Republic of Kazakhstan as a necessary quality of tolerance is building up thinking requires the development of methods and techniques for the formation of tolerance among all citizens. As a conscious setting, it has two major aspects of manifestation: the activity (in the form of human behavior, in their interactions) and communicative (in the forms of interpersonal, intergroup and interethnic communication.)According to NI Belotserkovets "Communicative tolerance is observed and exposed to pedagogical and educational influence form of manifestation of tolerance" [3, p 77]. Tolerance is the most affordable and educationally feasible way to promote tolerance and not only in the modern secondary school, but the whole of society as a whole. Tolerance is a necessary condition for building a constructive dialogue and the optimal resolution of the conflict situation.Recent decades, the world is quite palpable hostility, availability conflicts and hatred on racial, ethnic or religious basis. Humanity witnessed terrible atrocities. Suffice it to recall the events in Ulster, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Macedonia, Kosovo, Palestine, Iraq, Afghanistan ... World shakes not only the horrors of local wars, but also from the widespread wave of terrorism "- take a stand Arsaliyev SH.M X [4, pp. 10].Ethnic intolerance in the world to develop rapidly, especially in recent times. But few people think that these facts and events remind Germany 30's. The 20th century. The most urgent problem of ethnic intolerance for multinational regions.

Ability to solve problems that arise in international communication, and have the experience of culture of communication. Outside of international communication possible process and result of the practical impact on the world, and therefore ownership culture of interethnic communication is important for future teachers that are designed to target students in difficult situations of intercultural interaction.It is to the students formed the consciousness of the necessity of good relations with the people living next to people of other nationalities, feelings of friendship and good relations to the people living in the country and the world, develop skills, habits and customs to respect the culture, language, good traditions of these peoples . A.V Mudrik believes that we should take care that the students and graduates of the schools were free from nationalistic prejudices, national egoism, so that they know how to manage their national feelings [5, p.60].Particularly important in a multicultural environment is to develop students' skills of culture of interethnic communication, habit formation with respect to language, culture and good traditions of the peoples living in the area, and their individual representatives. We should proceed from the fact that the person, in terms of education, should be regarded as a living being, forms of existence not only innate, but are passed through the social and therefore subject to change. You should also bear in mind that the national interpersonal relationships, views, opinions, attitudes of people about the scope of the national life, national interactions formed under the influence of objective circumstances and subjective factors, the nature of interpersonal relationships [6, pp. 90].Ethnic tolerance personality manifests itself in different critical situations of interpersonal and intrapersonal choice when developed in a different socio-cultural lifestyle of ethnic stereotypes and norms of the solution of problems facing the person does not work, and the new norms and stereotypes in the process of its formation [7, pp. 6]. Ethnic tolerance and personality found in a sense there is a problem-conflict situations, interaction with other ethnic groups. Ethnic Tolerance personality can not be studied in isolation from the processes of ethnic identity, as all ethno-psychological phenomena are facets of one holistic phenomenon - the ethnic identity of variation [8, pp. 199].Thus, the formation of a positive assessment of their ethnic group is one of the main components of a package of measures aimed at creating a healthy, positive inter-ethnic situation. In this multicultural society feels the need for a new outlook, aiming at the integration of cultures and peoples for their further rapprochement and spiritual enrichment.In a multi-ethnic region, one of the objectives of the education system of Kazakhstan, is a purposeful creation of norms and standards, reflecting the specific socio - historical experiences of life of ethnic groups in the country, fostering the skills of international communication, the formation of ability to overcome conflicts, the development of interest in the historical and cultural heritage of Representatives different cultures. Development, understanding and acceptance of a national culture - an important requirement of our time, designed to solve the problem of inter-ethnic tolerance and social relations. Tolerance has become a cultural norm of behavior in society.

The list of literature

1. Speech by President of the Republic of Kazakhstan at the XVI session of the Assembly of People of Kazakhstan

2. Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan "On Education." - Astana: Accord, 2007.

3. Belotserkovets N.I Features of interethnic communication in the modern world. - M.: Education, 1998 - 269 p.

4. Arsaliyev Sh .M-X. Ethnopedagogical heritage Chechens. - New York: Prometheus, 1998.-286 p.

5. Mudrik A.B. Socialization and "Time of Troubles". - M.: Knowledge, 1991.-80.

6. Lysenko V. The concept of global education / / Education. 1993. - № 9-10.-C. 3-6 р.

7. Harutyunyan Y., Drobizheva JL.M., Susokolov A.A Ethnosociology: A manual for schools. - Moscow: Aspect Press, 1999. - 271 p.

8. V.V Zapolskiy Nations of Western and Central Siberia: culture and ethnic processes. - Novosibirsk: Science, 2002. - 325 p.