ROMANTIC DIRECTION IN MODERN KAZAKH PROSE
The
Karaganda state University of a name of academician E.A.Boketov
The rich centuries-old traditions of the Kazakh literature which are a
compound component of spiritual culture of the nation demand further continuous
system and complex research. Development of the world art culture during
various historical times in general system of synchronic and diachronic aspects
from the point of view of the theoretical approach will help to reveal a place
and activity of spiritual search of the people that gives the chance to our
sovereign country to take a courageous step to creation common-civil
scientifically-cultural tendencies.
The XX-th century end is one of hard times in the history of development
of Kazakh literature. There is a revaluation of values of our spiritual culture
in connection with the affirmed aesthetic ideals in a society and change of
public consciousness in a sociopolitical formation. From the date of
independence acquisition of Kazakhstan in 1991 the new public epoch and new
historical time has begun. Having received the status of the sovereign country
we began to possess a spiritual liberty, and this time we name «the Kazakh
literature in days of independence». That it is fair to estimate and in a new
fashion to consider feature of development of the national literature has
appeared possibility to investigate the Kazakh literature without any
ideologies as a pure literary and historical heritage. In literary criticism
replacement of an old way of the thinking imparted by socialist realism from
the past then the unilateral fair estimation of literary works from the point
of view of new system of thinking has begun became one of the main scientific
directions in days of independence.
If to look at history of literature it is obvious that the new epoch
brings a new theme. The next years after our country has received the sovereignty,
new turn in the literature was observed. Trend of new time has generated a new
view on the world. In the literature there were new heroes, vital concepts have
extended, the dramatic nature and a philosophical direction has amplified. The
literature does not represent class sphere of life as it was earlier, and puts
forward not socioeconomic interest, and characters who adhered to national
interests. The prose in independence years during the Soviet epoch of reprisals
has opened deep secret of reprisals. There was a possibility deeply to
comprehend mankind and spirituality questions.
Following time requirements, the prose has deeply dismissed the roots
one considerable branch from which has directed to the literature, filling with
its new qualitative properties, original styles, having added unusual paints,
spiritual searches. The new epoch brings the new maintenance, therefore to the
natural will give to fiction the new form peculiar to it by the nature. In this
connection, in days of independence of the purpose and aspiration of the Kazakh
prose, its inspiration and colourful images began to sound in a new fashion,
these changes were natural. In the beginning the yesterday's ideology of Soviet
period seemed has left irrevocably. The Kazakh prose was characterised by the
big variety, psychological depth, and width of artistic images. In prose
various tendencies took place, different literary traditions were naturally
combined.
The modern Kazakh prose developed in the conditions of formation and
formation of the sovereign Kazakhstan.Proceeding from it, writers in prompt
searches of the new maintenance refuse traditional representations about life
and «concepts inherent in social realism. In the Kazakh literature historical
events are in a new fashion estimated, the approach from the point of view of
history again changes. The writer has directed attention to last historical
undertakings of the people. The detailed description of private world of the
hero, its environment, the image of mutual relations existing in a life becomes
mainstreams. In prosaic products on the foreground questions of morals,
humanity, alienation are taken out.
Last decade of the XX-th century art prose is characterised by a
"difficult" intensive orientation and versions. In art prose on the
foreground there are "the eternal" themes created in a context of
binary oppositions (life and death, blessings and harm, love and insidiousness,
loneliness, alienation). Questions of limitation and infinity of the world,
space, life, space and time, strengthening a dramatic effort, have strong
intertwined with an art essence of national prose. The eternal love is one of
romantic themes. Entered into gold fund of the world literature the love and
youth make a gold basis of cultural-spiritual relics. The feeling of love is on
a special place in an aesthetics of the general romanticism. It is no
coincidence romanticists attach great value to love expression. The person
considers that only thanks to love the unity of souls merge of two hearts is reached.
Romanticists recognise love not only as rapprochement of the person with the
person, but also as one of great secrets of connection of all live beings
(«Love Philosophy», Shelley). The unity of life is reached only through love.
Through love it is possible to learn the world and to reach a high harmony. The
love - is powerful force which makes the big changes to ordinary-looking human
life and updates a human soul. Romanticists consider able to see those people
who love, and those who is not able to love consider blind. The works about
love were written in belles-lettres since olden times. However, as has stated
fair estimation Zh. de Steel, only in products of romanticists the love
possesses spiritual qualities and the sanctity, ready to victims and death.
The love theme takes a special place and in romantic products of the
European literature. Romanticists connect feeling of love of the person with
spiritual life. Sometimes even existence of the person and occurrence of
meaning of the life depends only on life of darling.For example, in Byron's
products when the main character, having lost the beloved or love, decides to
commit suicide.It isn’t only feeling of love here, but the grieving for this
loss makes sense at the same time.. How much strongly there would be a feeling
of love, grief on it is so hard. Inherent in romanticists «the world grief» is
actual for these feelings. There are heroes of Byron, Edgar Po, Rene of
Shatobrian, there are such heroes in gallery of characters as Onegin and
Pechorins are presented in the Russian literature.
The love theme, explanation of love at romanticists figures prominently
in the concept the world, art and the person. The love is a thing which
explains a secret of all Universe, and on the qualities it should be «boundless,
betrayed, mysterious, wonderful» [1]. The enamoured person, in other words
staying in a love condition, becomes sane, strengthens the abilities and starts
to be engaged in creativity. Creativity is a condition for existence of
romanticists. The world of feelings gives the chance to learn the Universe. In
the story it is a direction of communication of the Old man with the Universe,
by means of their connection, mutually the explanation takes an important
place.
As the love is not a profound theme in the modern Kazakh literature, in
this direction we cannot tell that we have carried out fruitful searches of a
spiritual way. As examples and singers-zhyrau from Abai to Magzhan, liro-epic
folklore songs, poetry of the ancient literature can serve in the art world of
long love whirlpools of Auezov to it.
In T.Ahmetzhan's product «the beauty and the artist» (2001) are
mentioned eternal themes of mankind since the most ancient time, mutual
relations of love of a society to art are described. The dramatic effort and a
human problematics are at the heart of the story. In the story the writer
comprehensively analyzes a spiritual drama of destiny of the person. In product
there is a chain of the confused events, changes in individual consciousness of
the person, his spiritual explosion, changes of internal feeling are analyzed.
In one story of the writer «On a Nobel Prize» against product we observe
unity of a real and romantic fantasy at household and poetic level, their
interrelation with each other. Angels of conscience goes down on the earth to
test people, aspires to wake their conscience, as a result cannot come back to
the Paradise garden, remain on the Earth, soars in air space that strengthens
fantastic spirit of product. In product angels from the different ends of a
city in turmoil aspire to sow conscience seeds in consciousness of mankind.
Almost all events described by eyes and thoughts of an angel in product which
are a fruit of imagination of the author, were taken from real life.
There are two worlds in product. The first is the world of angels in the
Paradise garden, the second - «the world of people». From the first pages of
product the writer allocates contrast of outlooks of two worlds. A wonderful
kind of the Paradise garden where «fat ruddy scarlet apples are seen.Sparkling
white stones lying at the bottom are visible. There is a green grass
everywhere. Aroma of white, red, yellow, green colours opens breath. Having sat
down on a branch of a young birch a nightingale sings a song with inspiration.
The emaciated white mare greedily feeds a grey foal.
Among white, yellow, red, green the beautiful girls are walking…
Sometimes they roar with laughter, play and catch up each other join hands
start to dance, rise a half moon in a circle and are turned in dance» … [2, 4].
And now thanks to acceptance of an angel to the world of people the view of the
city became absolutely opposite. For an angel the set of houses, noise of
streets, transport random motion, fussing life seems monotonous. He «chokes with
a fetid smell and compresses a breast. They are surprised to whom the transport
smoke is necessary so much. Because of a movement lack the grown fat people,
not in a condition to go, leave the vehicle why people though sometimes do not
go on foot» angels reflect [2, 5]. In the product beginning contrast of not
realised motive which becomes a subject basis amplifies. In art language in the
story there is a conflict between an angel and people then people expel an
angel.
Angels who unites two worlds of conscience with a view of awaking the
sense of shame of a mankind which «has
started to lose the human qualities» go down on the earth. Angel appears in an image of the young girl
on which it conducts test, checking a condition of people, their intentions.
Angel says in an ear of each person killing awful sound which kills a soul and
does not give a peace to conscience. The person who has destroyed and has
expelled an angel from the Earth, has been awarded the Nobel Prize. People from
all globe at all did not want to reflect on that, what for the angel has gone
down to the Earth and for what he wanted to check up their conscience. People
thought only of how by all means to kill the angel. They struggle not for the
sake of blessing and to kill an angel on a way to harm. All wise men reflect
all day and night to win glory and cannot calm soul. It is interesting that the
strongest expert wise man of a city finds a way of opposition to an angel. The
situation becomes absurd when the son of a wise man falls a victim of disgrace,
greed, the sincere indifference developed in a society. Only one angel aspired
to rescue and save his soul, to wake conscience at people. However there is no
such wise man who would think of it.
In existential structure of product in days of independence to prose are
considered culmination îáùåñòèëåâûå tendencies ("doomsday", slavery, a borderline between life
and death, etc.). The chaos world was has reached unlogistics absurd level. So
weaned from human conscience on the earth because of their backwardness it
becomes a shame to an angel also it turns away. Angel, who has come to wake
conscience of people, already did not come nearer to them anymore. People have
let out an arrow in an angel. «Both arrows have got to the general, standing up
for the girl. The girl remained is live, and the general has fallen. Officers
stood and did not trust the eyes. Angel has disappeared»[2].
In existential structure of product in days of independence to prose are
considered culmination îáùåñòèëåâûå tendencies ("doomsday", slavery, a borderline between life
and death, etc.). The chaos world was has reached unlogistics absurd level. So
weaned from human conscience on the earth because of their backwardness it
becomes a shame to an angel also it turns away. Angel, who has come to wake
conscience of people, already did not come nearer to them anymore. People have
let out an arrow in an angel. «Both arrows have got to the general, standing up
for the girl. The girl remained is live, and the general has fallen. Officers
stood and did not trust the eyes. Angel has disappeared» [2].
At product there is a fantastic element - the angel who has gone down on
the earth to check up the sincere world of people, also there are inappropriate
acts among the dissolute doomed people: drunkenness, usury, narrow-mindedness,
prostitution, even disgrace in a mosque, and other phenomena of unpleasant
character is a bitter reality in a present society. During market relations
people measure all in money, forget about conscience, deceive each other, are
at enmity, are at war, kill each other, wipe out, will wound and offend each
other, etc. does not leave attention of an angel.
The
writer brings up important questions of spirituality and humanity of all
mankind subordinated to trading laws, on à new level. The author
argues on size of world problematic questions. Writer-romanticist T.Ahmetzhan
thoroughly aspires to solve questions which very much disturbed mankind since
ancient times to this day. The writer shows communication between private world
of the person and the Universe thanks to magic powers, and considers necessary
to fix it in memory of the person, and also observes dependence of human life
on the Founder and that a cleanliness and honour symbol is the image of an
angel. The writer connects among themselves behaviour of the person and aspires
to open the sense of life.
In the story the grief is observed in the absence of cultural wealth.
During this moment the romantic orientation of product is observed. . In
product by the art decision the big tragedy of an angel which could not execute
the mission is and remained to soar in the sky. Angel cannot back return,
without having executed the order of the Founder, and without having fulfilled
the duty. Such decision of the author directs that people follow the tastes of
the Devil. We have considered such products of the writer as "Nobel
Prize", the story «the Beauty and the artist» which enter into a category
of tragical products. One more feature which is observed in product of the
author, is the writer who aspires to connect soul with the Universe. Besides
this quality the person only can possess pure soul and special spirit. In the
story «the Beauty and the artist» the writer gives the big place to a work of
art on a way to world creation, and also a magic power and communication of
soul of the person with the Universe. In "Nobel Prize" the angel also
is the intermediary between the internal sincere world and the Universe. Angel
wants to restore a balance after people havelost it. If the basic essence of
product to name honour and conscience, in what an essence of struggle of an
angel with a devil? The author will cherish on the foreground of idea that
«people, having become exhausted, with the human weaknesses turn to a devil».
For today the writer through eyes of an angel îáùåóÿçâèìûå mankind themes -
spiritual degradation, greed, ambition, falling of cultural wealth, position of
material balance above spiritual level, a war cloud, etc. pushing forward
actual global problems throw down a challenge to a society. Thanks to it there
are big philosophical thoughts. T.Ahmetzhan is characterised by original
handwriting and thinking. The author brings deep feeling in the products having
spiritual scarcity, peculiar to a society for today to fill this lack with
valuable key thoughts. During an epoch of globalisation from the eurocentrist
point of view in a society the human disgrace, conscience deprivation, falling
of spiritual ideals that sets the writer thinking deeply starts to blossom. The
writer through dream of an angel helps a society to get out of spiritual
isolation, searches for a way of rescue from a precipice, putting in
consciousness of the person conscience seeds, urges to think of all.
Prose in days of independence will cause a stir set of levels and
complexity of a narration. The writer represents events in several existential
plots. Sometimes their intermediate border is erased, and the characteristic of
convention of event is made comparatively and illusionistically. Plots of
stories and novels are characterised at this time «by an openness, a liberty
and uncountable branchings» [3].
LITERATURE
1. I.Volkov Creative methods and art systems.
M.: Iskusstvo, 1989. – p.40
2. T.Akhmetzhan Grief. The collection of
stories and conversations.(Mun.Hikayattar menangimelerzhinagy)–Almaty:
Kazakparat, 2003. – p.31
3.
History of the Kazakh literature. 10 volume.Independence time
(Tauyelsizdikkezeni) (1991-2001). – Almaty: Kazakparat, 2006. – p.420