Doctor of Historical
Sciences, Professor Kozhakhmetov K.K.,
Rakhymzhan G.R.
Al-Farabi Kazakh
National University
North Korean underground nuclear
tests.
October
14, 2006 the UN Security Council adopted Resolution 1718, providing for an
embargo on North Korea of certain weapons, materials, and equipment that could
facilitate the implementation of programs related to nuclear weapons, ballistic
missile-related or other weapons of mass destruction.
Despite
these sanctions, North Korea has conducted several tests. Underground tests
have started in 2006, following experienced in 2009 and the last this year.
In
October 2006, North Korea successfully conducted its first underground nuclear
test (blew up the charge capacity of not less than 1 kiloton). A few days later,
the UN Security Council demanded an end to missile and nuclear tests and
tightened sanctions against the DPRK [1].
May
25, 2009 North Korea conducted its second nuclear test, "as part of
measures to comprehensively strengthen independent nuclear deterrent." A
number of independent experts assessed the explosive power of about 4 kilotons.
June 12, 2009 The UN Security Council unanimously adopted Resolution 1874,
aimed at tightening sanctions against the DPRK. The Security Council has
demanded that Pyongyang not to conduct any further nuclear tests or launches
using ballistic missile technology and urged the authorities to carry out a
number of specific requirements. The document called for tough measures,
including inspections of suspicious vessels, the embargo on the export and
import of North Korean weapons. In response to the resolution, Pyongyang said
it would not give up its nuclear weapons and launching a program to enrich
uranium [2].
As
we know, February 12, 2013 North Korea conducted an third underground nuclear
test [3]. The official Korean Central News Agency on Tuesday announced an
underground test "a miniature nuclear device" high explosive power.
This is the most powerful explosion ever produced on the territory of the DPRK.
South
Korea has confirmed that North Korea had made an underground
nuclear explosion in the same area where the DPRK conducted the previous test.
Armed forces stationed in South Korea and in the south of the peninsula
American troops led his troops on high alert [4].
Proof
of this was recorded earthquakes of magnitude on average 5 points. The
epicenter was located in the north of North Korea, in 378 kilometers from
Pyongyang [5]. At the same range
were conducted early tests.
Power
alleged nuclear explosion in North Korea could be around 6-7 kilotons, said on
Tuesday, Reuters reports with reference to the Ministry of Defense of South
Korea [6].
North
Korea to conduct nuclear tests notified the U.S., Reuters reports citing the
press-secretary of the U.S. State Department Victoria Nuland. "The DPRK
informed the State Department of its intent to atomic test, without calling any
specific time" - said V.Nuland. According to her, the notice came through
normal channels at the same time, she refused to tell the time when the information
was received by Washington [7].
After
receiving information about the nuclear tests, the international community
almost immediately issued a statement condemning this move North Korea.
The
night before the Security Council of the United Nations firmly condemned the
nuclear tests conducted by North Korea, finding their flagrant violation of UN
resolutions.
Condemned
the actions of the northern neighbors immediately came forewarned about the
trials South Korea, calling them provocative, "unacceptable threat to
peace in the region" and "a direct challenge" the international
community. Foreign Minister of South Korea Kim Sung-hwan during a telephone
conversation with U.S. Secretary of State John Kerry agreed on the need for
"swift and united action" in the UN Security Council, which will
discuss the test for a meeting on Tuesday.
UN
Secretary General Ban Ki-moon condemned the blast, calling it a violation of
previous UN resolutions and actions of Pyongyang "destabilizing."
According to him, the DPRK made a "clear and serious
violation" of the ban on nuclear and missile tests.
NATO
said the nuclear test, in conjunction with the December launch missile North
Korea is "a serious threat to international peace, security and
stability."
Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe said that Tokyo does not rule out the
possibility of new sanctions against North Korea in connection with the trial,
which he described as "extremely regrettable."
The
European Union described the trial as a "blatant challenge" to
non-proliferation of nuclear weapons. The head of European diplomacy, Catherine
Ashton said in a statement stressed that North Korea should refrain from
further provocations.
British
Foreign Secretary William Hague said his country would seek a "hard"
international reaction to the DPRK.
French
President Francois Hollande said he was "the strongest terms"
condemns the test and promised to support the "decisive action" the
UN Security Council.
German Foreign Minister Guido Westerwelle
said that the international community in response to provocation should take a
"clear position", adding that it is necessary to consider toughening
sanctions.
The
Ministry of External Affairs said that testing is a "serious
concern."
North
Korea's main ally, China, has expressed "strong protest" against the
test. Chinese Foreign Ministry called on Pyongyang to fulfill its obligations
in the nuclear field, noting that the solution of the existing problems should
be in the six-party talks [8].
Even
Iran, which, according to the United States, developing its own nuclear weapons
program, has condemned the test. The Iranian Foreign Ministry said that
although all states have the right to use nuclear energy "for peaceful
purposes", Tehran hopes that all stocks of weapons of mass destruction and
nuclear arsenals will be destroyed.
In
this regard, the Republic of Kazakhstan is also condemned: "The testing of
nuclear weapons have a negative impact on the process of nuclear disarmament
and security risks in both regional and global scales. Our country, which has
experienced devastating effects of nuclear testing, the initiator of
establishing a UN International Day against nuclear testing", says the
statement.
Kazakhstan calls for the immediate resumption of talks on North Korea's
nuclear problem in Six-Party Talks and encourages Pyongyang to give up any
steps that could lead to an escalation of tensions [9].
After
it became known about the trial in New York on February 12 on the initiative of
South Korea convened an emergency meeting of the UN Security Council on the
holding of North Korea's nuclear test [10].
Security
Council firmly condemned the DPRK's nuclear test, calling it a flagrant
violation of UN resolutions. In connection with this plan to develop
appropriate responses. Security Council sanctions prohibit the DPRK to conduct
the development of nuclear weapons [11].
In
conclusion, I want to stress that international community try to keep
international peace, security and stability. After North Korea's underground
tests, nobody will not support his actions in this direction. Even his allies against him.
Literature:
1. (http://www.golos-ameriki.ru/content/world-north-korea-nuclear-history/1602526.html)
2. (http://www.itar-tass.com/c339/647026.html)
3. Егемен
Қазақстан, №66
(28005), 13 ақпан 2013 жыл, Үшінші рет
ядролық сынақ жасады
4. (http://www.amur.info/news/2013/02/12/30.html)
5. (Комсомольская правда Казахстана, 13 февраля 2013 года, № 21 (26031),
Северная Корея послала миру ядерный толчок, Дмитрий Надеждин)
6. (http://i-news.kz/news/2013/02/12/6877391.html)
7. (http://www.rbc.ru/rbcfreenews/20130213031837.shtml)
8. (Экспресс К,
13 февраля 2013 года, №26 (17626), КНДР устроила ядерный взрыв, 4 стр)
9. (http://news.nur.kz/249942.html)
11. (http://www.tvc.ru/AllNews.aspx?id=c43c161b-1983-4ff1-abad-5e0de447e904)