Agriculture 4. Technologies of storage and processing of agricultural products

Doc. Tech. Sc. V. Yu. Ovsyannikov

Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies, Russia

Way of management of a two-level freeze of moisture

The annual increase in consumption of energy around the world causes the urgent necessity of essential reduction of power consumption on a unit of production, at creation of power effective technologies.

We developed the scheme of management of two-level process of freeze concentration which provides repeated use of energy potential of by-products and waste of technological process (Fig.).

Fig. Scheme of management two-level freeze moisture

The scheme contains the two-level freezing installation consisting of the following elements: the recuperations heat exchanger 1, the recuperations refrigerator 2, the first 3 and the second 4 drum crystallizers, the first 5 and the second 6 melter, the additional condenser 7, compressors of the first 8 and the second 9 steps of compression of a coolant, an intermediate vessel 10 for a coolant, temperature-controlled gates 11, 12, 13, adjustable drives 14 and 15 of the first 3 and the second 4 drum crystallizers respectively, adjustable drives of compressors of the first 16 and the second 17 steps of compression, the line: 9.7.1 supply of an initial product, 9.7.2 branches of the product concentrated in the first crystallizer 3, 9.7.3 branches of a product concentrated in the second crystallizer 4, 0.7 branches of the frozen ice from crystallizers and its giving in melter 5 and 6 respectively, 1.9 removal of the fresh water which is forming at melting of frozen ice in the melter 5 and 6, 1.2 water supply in the additional condenser 7, 5.7.1 of giving of a liquid coolant in vaporizing space of crystallizers 3 and 4, 5.7.2 removals of vapors of a coolant from vaporizing space of crystallizers 3 and 4 in the compressor 8, 5.7.3 of supply of vapors of a coolant in a melter 5 and 6, 5.7.5 giving of a liquid coolant in the additional condenser 7, 5.7.6 of giving of a liquid coolant in an intermediate vessel 10, 5.7.3 giving of a vaporous coolant from the compressor 9 in a melter 6, 5.7.4 giving of a vaporous coolant from an intermediate vessel 10 in the compressor 9, 5.7.7 of giving of a liquid coolant from melter 5 and 6 in the additional condenser 7, 5.7.8 of giving of a liquid coolant from the additional condenser in an intermediate vessel 10, sensors 18, 19, and the 20th giving of the initial product, the concentrated product leaving the first crystallizer 3, and a product concentrated in the second crystallizer 4, respectively, 21, 22, and 23 - sensors of concentration of solids in the initial product leaving the first crystallizer 3, and a product concentrated in the second crystallizer 4, respectively, 24, 25 – sensors of temperature of the fresh water which is taken away from first by 5 and the second 6 melter respectively, 26, 27 - sensors of a consumption of the fresh water which is taken away from first by 5 and the second 6 melter respectively and the sensor 28 of a consumption of water, pumped in the additional condenser 7, sensors 29, 30 of an expense of the liquid coolant given in first 3 and second 4th crystallizers respectively, sensors 31, 32 of temperature of boiling of a coolant in vaporizing space of the first 3 and the second 4 crystallizers respectively, sensors 33, 34 of electric resistance of the ice layer frozen from the first and second crystallizer respectively, sensors 35, 36 of power consumption of adjustable drives of the first and second crystallizers respectively, sensors 37, 38 of power consumption of adjustable drives of compressors of the first and second step of compression of a coolant respectively, blocks of switching 39-41, the microprocessor 42, executive mechanisms 43-56, locking gates 57-61, three-running valves 62-66 (а, б, в, г, д, е, ж, з, и, к, л, м, н, о, п, р, с, т, у, ф, х – entrance control paths, A, B, C, D, E, F, G – output control paths).

The essence of the offered way is reduced to implementation of process of concoction at change of temperature and a coolant expense in crystallizers of installation, an expense, temperature and time of stay of an initial product in crystallizers, a consumption of cooling water, power of adjustable drives of compressors of the refrigerator and drives of drums of crystallizers with impact on the frequency of rotation of a drum and on expenses of the coolant, cooling water, an initial product and the water received at melting of frozen ice.

Thus an initial product previously give on cooling to the recuperations heat exchanger washed by fresh water, being formed when melting the frozen ice, and then to the recuperations refrigerator washed by the concentrated product, measure an expense and the content of solids in an initial product on an entrance to the first crystallizer, the current value of an expense and contents of solids in the concentrated product at the exit from each crystallizer, time of stay of a product in each crystallizer, and according to these data correct temperature of boiling of a coolant in an internal cavity of a drum of a crystallizer and the frequency of its rotation by change of capacities of adjustable drives of compressors and drives of drums of crystallizers depending on conductivity of the frozen ice.

Bibliography list:

Sergey T. Antipov Heat and mass transfer while concentrating liquid media by freeze drying [Text]/ S.T. Antipov, V.Е. Dobromirov, V.Yu. Ovsyannikov; Voronezh state technology academy. Voronezh, 2004. – 208 p.