Urgency of the problems of intercultural communication in
studying foreign languages
Kurmanbekova M.D senior
teacher of English languages
Kazakhstan, Almaty
Modern Kazakhstan and the world are
changing rapidly before our eyes. Thanks to the development of science and
technology disappear notions of time and space. Now we can communicate with
people on the other side of the world, and in a few hours can get to anywhere
in the world.
In addition, we enter the era of
knowledge economy and continuing education. The modern world and society, more
and more need people who can think creatively, analyze, and understand others,
and a foreign language, one of the best means to develop these skills. [4]
Thus, the language does not exist outside
of culture as "socially inherited set of
practical skills and ideas that
characterize our way of life"
As one
kind of human activity, language is an integral part of
the culture, defined (see above)
as a set of human activities in different spheres of human life: the industrial, social, and spiritual. However, as a form of existence of thinking and, more importantly, as a
communication language is in line
with the culture [2]
If we consider the
language in terms of its structure, functioning and ways of mastering them
(both native and foreign), the socio-cultural layer or component of culture, is
part of the language, or background of its real existence.
At the same time, the dimension
of culture - not just some cultural information conveyed by language. This is
an inherent property of the language inherent in all its levels and all sectors.
"The
first place among the national- specific components of culture is language. Language
is primarily facilitated by the fact that the culture can be both a means of
communication and a means of separation of people. Language is it a sign of
belonging to a particular carrier society.
The
language as a basic feature of a particular ethnic group can be viewed from two sides: the direction of "inside" and then it acts as a major factor
of ethnic integration, in the
direction of "outside", and in this case it is the main ethno
differentiating sign of the
ethnic group. Dialectically combining
the functions of these two opposing, language is
a tool of self-preservation and ethnic group, and
the separation of "us"
and "them".[3]
Anthropology, as the name implies
- the science of man. However, to the sciences of man (which is also reflected
in the name) are all humanities and some natural (medicine, in part - biology).
Many of the human sciences, and
this is understandable, because, first, a very complex, multifaceted and
multi-dimensional being, and secondly - all these sciences are developing in
human society, where, of course, it is man who is at the center of attention.
What does the anthropology that
chose this science itself, tearing, like everyone else, indivisible whole?
Anthropology is different from all the other sciences of man by the very
fact that she is trying to put together all the other aspects of the study and
the overall global and comprehensive process of physical and cultural development.
Accordingly, anthropology is
divided into:
1. Physical anthropology that studies the
biological origin and evolution of the physical organization of the person
represented by the different races;
2. Cultural anthropology, which studies the formation and development of human
culture.
The main objectives
of the course of cultural anthropology:
1. to explain the
vital role that culture plays in
human life, in his behavior, and communication
with other people and other
cultures;
2. to introduce
the ideas and methods of the
science;
3. to identify
ways in which there is a development
of cultures, their alteration, collision and interaction;
4. to open relationship, mutual influence and interaction
of language and culture;
5.to show how
culture affects a person's
behavior, his perception of the world, the world system, privacy, identity formation, etc.[1]
In
the cultural anthropology of the relationship of different cultures are called
«Intercultural Communication ", which means the exchange between two or
more cultures and products of their activities, carried out in different odds.
Relationships are cross-cultural,
if the participants do not resort to their own traditions, customs, ideas and
ways of behavior and learn from other people's rules and norms of everyday
communication.
For
cross-cultural communication it is necessary accessory sender and the receiver
of the message to different cultures. Also, it is necessary awareness of
cultural differences in communication partners to each other. By their nature
cross-cultural communication - it is always interpersonal communication in a
special context, when one party finds another cultural difference. Intercultural
communication should be viewed as a collection of various forms of
relationships between individuals and groups belonging to different cultures.
The relevance of all issues
related to culture, is being acquired unprecedented sharpness. The increased
interest in the study of different cultures , in emphasizing cultural studies,
the establishment of specialized academic councils for the protection of
master's and doctoral dissertations in cultural studies ; stream of
publications on the topic of the dialogue and especially the conflict of
cultures , the creation of societies, associations , bringing together
researchers cultural problems ; endless conferences, symposia , conferences on
issues of culture , inclusion and cultural anthropology in the curriculum of
training in all areas of humanitarian and even in the high school program , all
point to this boom , the explosion of interest in the problems of culture.[2]
At the same time, technological
progress and the efforts of a reasonable and peaceful part of mankind are
opening up new opportunities, types and forms of communication, the main
condition for the effectiveness of which is a mutual understanding, dialogue of
cultures, tolerance and respect for the culture of communication partners.
All this taken together are
anxious and hopeful, and led to a particularly close attention to the issues of
cross-cultural communication. However, these questions are eternal; they are
troubled mankind since time immemorial.
The close
relationship and interdependence of teaching
foreign languages and intercultural communication is so obvious that it hardly needs
a lengthy explanation.
[3]
Each lesson in a foreign language is a crossroads of
cultures, the practice of
cross-cultural communication, because
each foreign word reflects the
foreign world and the foreign culture: every word is due to the national
consciousness (again, foreign,
if a foreign word) representation of the world.
New time, new conditions demanded the immediate and radical review of how the
general methodology and specific methods
and techniques of teaching foreign languages.
In the traditional approach to
the study of foreign languages , the main method of teaching was
to read texts in a foreign language. And it was not just in school-level
education, but also this trend existed in higher education.
Subject of everyday communication
was presented with the same text, only on objects of everyday communication,
however, few of these specialists, having read such texts could adequately
behave in a real situation that would require the application of practical
knowledge of a foreign language, but it is not a major literary side.
Thus, of the
four language skills, among which we mean reading, speaking, writing and listening comprehension, in practical terms, the most implemented passive is
reading. Such a passive foreign language instruction based on written
texts was limited only to that in order to understand,
and not to create their own linguistic experience. [5]
As mentioned above, the meaning
of words and grammatical rules is not enough just to believe that you possess
the language. Should as far as possible to find the very culture of the target
language. In other words, we can say that the theoretical knowledge of the
language should be complemented by practical skills, when to speak, what to
say, to whom and for whom, as you can use the value of a given word in a
particular context.
Used literature
1.Абдрахманова С. Өлең
аудармасының теориясы мен поэтикасы / Автореферат – Алматы : М. О.
Әуезов атындағы әдебиет және өнер институты, 2007
2.Г. А. Антипов, 0. А. Донских, И. Ю. Марковина, Ю.
А. Сорокин. Текст как явление культуры. Новосибирск, 1989,
3.Булкин А.П. Изучение иностранных языков в России.
Социокультурный аспект // ИЯШ - 1998 - №6
4.В. В. Воробьев.
Лингвокультурология. Теория и методы. М., 1997.
15.Э. Сепир. Язык.
Введение в изучение речи // Избранные труды по языкознанию и культурологии, с.
185