Candidate of veterinary sciences, Baikenov M.T.

Graduate student, Aubakirova G.T.

Kostanai State University, Kazakhstan

MONITORING OF SURGICAL BOVINE MAMMARY

IN"AK-KUDUK" LLP

The main way of dairy breedingdevelopment is the further intensification of this field. One of the reasons that affect the development of animal husbandry is surgical bovine mammary. However, the prevalence of these diseases restrains an increase of milk production and brings great economic losses to livestock breeding. Economic damage consists of reducing milk production, premature cow disposal, increasing incidence of young stock, disruption of technical and sanitary qualities of milk and dairy products as milk often becomes unfit for consumption. Milk production decreases. It is estimated that because of the bovine mammaryevery year 10-12% of more productive cowsis drafted out. Some of udder diseases are incurable and cause complete cessation of milk production, whereby the cows have to be drafted out [1].

During udder disease milk quality suffers greatly. It becomes watery, clotted and contains many different pathogens that can cause diseasesin humans and especially in children [3].

From the observed mammary gland diseasesin livestock animals, the most important are udder wounds,injuries and abscess of udder,udder furunculosis. Bovine mammary causes huge financial losses to farms which consist of expenses for treatment of sick animals, sorting milk, contamination with various microorganisms, reduce of milk production, atrophy of the part of udder and premature dropping out of the sick cows from theherd. Cows with atrophy of one quarter of udder due to its diseasereduces yield of not less than 20 %, and two quarters atrophy makes theuse of such an animal uneconomical [2].

Surgical mammaryglanddiseasesarefound in various regions of Kazakhstan including Kostanai region where we conducted our research.

The research began in autumn 2013in "Ak-Kuduk" LLP in Kostanai region. "Ak-Kuduk" LLP engages in food animals, black-and-white breed, the livestock is 802 heads. 480 heads of cattle and 322 heads of young stock.

The main direction of the farming is getting milk as well as increasing its milk production. Livestock breeding complex is kept as a subsidiary farming.

Animals are kept in standard rooms for 60-70 heads. Diet in winter consists of hay, silage, concentrates. In summer animals are kept in pastures daily feeding with concentrates.

Diseases usually occur in spring and autumn reaching maximum intensity in summer and decrease a little in winter (Figure 1).

Figure 1 – Seasonality of surgical bovine mammaryin "Ak-Kuduk" LLP in Kostanai region

Udder wounds andudder injuries prevail among bovine mammary; they are widespread in dairy herds. According to our observations,udder wounds - 33%, udder injuries - 29%, udderfurunculosis- 10%,phlegmonof udder - 12%, abscess of udder - 16% on the “Ak-Kuduk”farmin Kostanai region in 2013 (Figure 2).

Figure 2 - Indicators of surgical bovine mammaryin "Ak-Kuduk" LLP

Based on the experimental and clinical studies, observations and analysis of the documents,we can say that there is a considerable number of surgical bovine mammaryin "Ak-Kuduk" LLP. Under surgical bovine mammarythe breeding value and milk yieldare decreased.

Daily milk yield in healthy cows is on average 28 liters of milk in summer, under surgical bovine mammarythe daily milk yield is reduced up to 20-22 liters.

Prevention should always go first in fight against the disease. Prevention of surgical bovine mammaryshould be based on the complex of organizational and management, special veterinary measures aimed at veterinary hygienecompliance and feeding.

Thus, the research of the example of "Ak-Kuduk" LLP show that the udder diseases cause considerable economic damage. Analysis of surgical bovine mammaryshow that the disease is growing from year to year (Table 1).

Table 1- Surgical bovine mammaryin "Ak-Kuduk" LLP

Year	The number of cows on the farm	Surgical bovine mammaryfor a year, %
2011	427	75 (17,5%)
2012	444	83 (18,6%)
2013	476	91 (19,1%)

References:

1. Khramtsov V.V., Grigorieva T.E., Nikitin V.Y., Mirolubov M.G. Obstetrics and Gynecology of farm animals. Kolos, 2008.-159 p.

2. Semenov B.S., Lebedev A.V., Eliseev A.N. and others, Private veterinary surgery. Kolos S, 2006-112 p.

3. Polyantsev N.I., Podberezniy V.V. Veterinary obstetrics and biotechnics of animal reproduction: Textbook, 2011-345 p.