Tegza I. M.

A.Baitursynov Kostanay State University, Kasakhstan

Use in the diet rearing of mustard oilcake.

   Fully realize the genetic potential of animals can only be sustainable forage. In this regard, of particular relevance are studies of the potential milk production of young black-motley breed for use in feeding of concentrate mixtures with pomace oil crops.

     The intensification of dairy farming is becoming very urgent problem associated with the need to increase the energy value of diets mustard oilcake.

      Organization of feeding rearing for highly productive livestock, it is recommended to introduce feed fats. Abroad for this purpose are used a special protein-energy supplements, one component of which is fat. Analysis of domestic and foreign literature shows that research on the effectiveness of the use of mustard oilcake in animal nutrition have been insufficiently studied.

       In the experiment, which lasted for 547 days until the heifers' live weight  was 435,3 -471,1 kg, there were 15 animals in each group.

     Rations of the three groups of heifers have the same nutritional value. Thus, heifers from  three groups received the basic diet, typical economy, with a specific gravity of hay 13-15%, 57-60% succulent feed, concentrates 13-15%, and 10% mustard oil cake. Mustard oilcake - beautiful high-protein livestock feed. It contains 35% proteins and 11.8% fat. Mustard oilcake is one of the best supplements to feed. It is easily digested and helps to digest fiber.

     Feeding and maintenance of the animals was the same throughout the growing period, which allowed the intensity to analyze the relationship between the growth and development of groups of linear supplies. Feeding heifers was conducted according to the economic ration calculated to produce 700 – 800 g. of average daily weight gain.  Growth and development of crossbred heifers determined by monthly weighing and taking basic measurements, followed by calculating indices physique and relative growth rate.

In all age periods heifer line Montivik Chiften superior to their peers from other experimental groups on live weight.   At the age of 3 months 3 heifers repair group had a live weight 102.8 kg, heifers 93.9 kg group 1 and group 2 100.4 kg. Between groups 1 and 2 difference was 6.5 kg, or 6.5%.   In the future, live weight in all animals studied had little difference. So at 12 months of age heifers had live weight, respectively, in groups: the first - 303.3 kg, in the second - 317.6 kg in the third - 327.5 kg.

1st Table. Dynamics of live weight and average daily gain (kg/g)

Data: 

Age.  months.

1 group

     2 group

    3 group

At birth

28,7± 0,46

29,1±  0,38

        28,8 ±  0,21

3

93,9 ±  2,27

100,4 ± 1,18

102,8 ± 2,12

6

161,0 ± 3,16

169,9 ± 5,34

174,7 ±  2,45

9

230,5 ± 4,42

242,5 ± 5,43

248,7 ±  2,52

12

303,3 ± 5,53

317,6 ±  4,28

327,5 ± 3,46

15

371,2 ± 5,28

389,5 ± 6,42

401,1 ± 4,47

18

435,3 ± 4,58

456,7 ± 5,36

471,1 ±  4,18

Average daily gain g.

0  -  3

724,3 ± 15,6

792,5 ± 12,4

823,2 ±  18,3

3  -  6

745,9 ± 33,5

771,9 ± 51,8

798,4 ± 30,7

6  -  9

772,8 ± 23,4

807,1 ±  32,5

822,4 ± 12,3

9  -  12

809,4 ± 36,1

834,7 ±  32,3

875,5 ± 28,7

12  -  15

754,2 ± 22,8

799,2 ± 24,4

818,4 ± 21,2

15  - 18

712,5 ± 28,6

747,4 ± 35,8

778,6 ± 26,4

The average gain for the period (g)

 

753,2 ± 26,7

 

792,1 ± 31,5 

674,7 +- 26,1±

     819,4 ± 22,9

 

     bsolute growth of animals, does not reflect the intensity of growth, and expresses the quantitative changes. In calculating the relative growth rates can be observed intensity of animal growth.

     Table 2 shows the performance of the absolute and relative increase in heifers with different lines.

     The largest relative increase for the entire growing period, regardless of the strains of animals, was 3 months of age and stood in groups: 227,1 ± 3,42; 245,0 ± 2,14; 256,9 ± 1,24.

 

2d Table. Dynamics of absolute and relative growth rate of animals, kg/%.

¹ g.

 

Growth

 

 

 

Age of animals , months

 

0-3       

 

3 – 6      

 

6 – 9     

 

9 – 12    

 

12 – 15 

 

15 -18   

  

1

Absolutely

  65,2

 

  67,1

 

 69,5

 

  72,8

 

 67,9

 

 64,1

 

Relatively

227,1±3,42

 

71,5±3,54

43,2±2,48

31,6±1,36

22,3±1,64

17,3±1,30

     2

Absolutely

   71,3

 

  69,5

 

  72,6

 

  75,1

 

  71,9

 

  70,0

 

 

Relatively

 

245,0±2,14

 

69,2±2,46

 

49,7±2,68

 

31,0±2,32

 

22,6±1,45

 

17,3±0,88

      3

Absolutely

    74,0

 

   71,9

 

  74,0

 

  78,8

   73,6

 

  70,0

 

Relatively

256,9±1,24

69,9±1,37

42,4±1,72

31,7±1,84

22,5±0,94

17,4±0,86

 

     Dynamics of relative growth was highest in animals line Montivik Chaften. On the age of three months he was 11.6% higher than in the first group and 4.6% in the second group. Between 3 to 6 months of relative growth rate was higher in heifers line Reflection Sovering, it was 71,5 ± 3,54, and in group 2 69,2 ± 2,46 in group 3 and 69,9 ± 1,37 .

     Thus, these data confirm the general situation for the study of growth of animals. The highest daily gain - 875.5 g, was in heifers 3 groups in the diet with mustard oil cake, and the lowest in group 1 - 712.5 g. The intensity of heifers’ growth on rations with mustard oilcake was almost the same.      As a result, studies of growth and development of heifers of different lines, there is high weights are weight gain.

 

References:

1. Bodunovskaya N.S.  Growth and development of Holstein heifers in northern Kazakhstan. // 

    Bulletin of agricultural science of Kazakhstan. 2004. ¹ 5  P.  96 – 101

2. Zeenina O.V.  Effectiveness of different levels of feeding heifers.//  Animal husbandry. 2008. ¹ 3  P. 9 – 10.