History/ 2. General History

Колдыбаева С.С.,к.и.н.,доцент

Implementation of collectivization in Kostanay region

A comprehensive study of the problem, which is relevant in the national historical science, requires the establishment of objective scientific research, with the use of a wide range of analysis and archival materials, a comprehensive study of the demographic and cultural consequences collectivization, which has become possible for domestic researchers only in the years of independence. Scientific conference "collectivization in the republics of Central Asia and Kazakhstan: experience and problems", held in 1988 marked the beginning of a new vision of the problems of collectivization in Kazakhstan free of ideological clichés and limitations.

Socio-economic and political situation in the beginning of 1928 seriously complicated and demanding to his balanced approach to the solution of urgent problems, but the Stalinist group, which has just achieved a majority in the political leadership, the state did not show wisdom in dealing with social issues, and especially the peasantry.

Stalin's collectivization of power began across the country and in Kazakhstan. The country has begun a campaign of forced whatever was "jump" plan. If in 1928 - in Kazakhstan had been collectivized 2% of all households already on 1 April 1930 - 50%, and by October 1931 - about 65% of the households. August 27, 1928 the Government of Kazakhstan adopted a decree "On the confiscation bay farms." has been allocated 696 largest bais, they seized 145 thousand. Cattle (translated into large). Pernicious idea of the super forced collectivization turned into a tragedy entire peasantry, especially in Kazakhstan, its regions, for example, in Kostanay region.

From large bais supposed to confiscate all property and evict them from their places of residence. As a result of preliminary work on the account took bay 249 households, of which 65 selected major. Directly confiscation was held from 20 September to early November 1928 cattle owners largest county with their families were deported to the Semipalatinsk area. Most of the confiscated their cattle transferred to the poor and laborers - 8034 head (in terms of a major) and in 2894 the head of the kolkhoz. During this period, by an active outreach to engage in collective Kazakhs, as a result of organized 81 farms where cattle entered received poor and laborers. In December 1929, V KazDistrictCommittee plenum of the CPSU (b) Kustanaisky District, along with Peter and Paul, was declared a district complete collectivization, tasked collectivize at least 70% of the poor and middle peasants. Confiscated working cattle, tractors, seeders, threshers, agricultural machineries transferred to collective farms. In carrying out such activities very often pinched. In some rural councils declared kulak to 20% of the farms main form of collective farms in settled agricultural areas remained agriculture gang. Very effective assistance provided MTS, which actively created in the 1929-1931 biennium. Among the first were created Dzharkulskaya and Ozernoe MTS. All this made it possible to show the advantage of the collective farm mechanized agricultural farms to individual farmers. By 1930, in the district of Kostanay was already organized state farms 5 - 1st Kustanaisky, created in 1928, Kin-Aral, Kaindy-Kumaksky, Shildinsky and Kazakhstan's first educational and demonstration farm in Karabalyk area in 1930 was been established collective mass training of personnel, by May had trained more than 1,800 people. The decision of KazDistrictCommittee CPSU (b) on 15 September 1931 it was noted that Karabalyk, Mendygarinskoe, Kostanay, Semiozernoe, Fedorovskoye areas collectivization basically completed, the collective farms involved 81% of the farms. For example, if in 1930 in the district of Kostanay total sown area is 75,970 ha, of which 25,334 were treated individual farms, already in 1931, from 117,477 hectares in the share of individual farmers had only 5667 hectares It should be taken into account the position that in livestock areas there were no conditions for the completion of the total collectivization and agricultural marketing cooperative are not yet able to become the main form of collective farms. But in August 1931 the Regional Committee of the CPSU (b) has set the task of livestock areas "to enter the line higher rates of collectivization" and gave the installation of "the main form of collective-farm movement in the village ... consider livestock farming association. In these areas, Association for Joint Cultivation of Land accelerated pace was translated into charter agriculture gangs. This setup has led to serious negative consequences, causing mass slaughter and carting population. The situation worsened harvesting meat and large excesses of local leaders. All this led to a sharp decrease in the number of livestock in the areas of semi-starvation and the general population. Correcting excesses began after the September 17, 1932 decree of the Central Committee of the CPSU (b) "On agriculture and, in particular, livestock Kazakhstan", according to which the party turned KazDistrictCommittee job of translating most cooperatives established in the Charter of the semi-nomadic areas and association for Joint Cultivation of Land and malserktikies (livestock associations), reconstruction of livestock farms, distribution of personal use association for Joint Cultivation of Land members socialized cattle to help poor farms in cattle furnished. In 1936 he was involved in a collective majority of the population, for example, in the Turgay region, the figure was 99.4% of the population. By 1938 the main features of collectivization in Kostanay region was completed on January 1 this year, 96% of collectivized farms, united in 554 collective farms, where there were 40,466 farms, which served 30 MTS. They were seeded area of 580,512 hectares of land, and organized by the time 23 of the farm has 134,486 hectares.     

In general, the collectivization of agriculture was carried out at an accelerated pace, with frequent use of administrative and managerial pressure, which led to famine large mass of the population, the tragedy of the peasantry, the decline of livestock.

Literature

1. Kozybaev MK Abylhozhin JB Alduzhumanov KS Collectivization in Kazakhstan:  Tragedy of the peasantry. AA 1990

2. Yaremin Y.V. Collectivization in Kostanay region. Archivist.  Kostanay, 2003.