Ломова Елена Александровна

Ученая степень, звание: Кандидат филологических наук

Место работы, должность: Доцент кафедры русской и мировой литературы

Казахского государственного национального педагогического университета имени Абая (КазНПУ им.Абая), Казахстан, г.Алматы

ARTISTIC ECCENTRICITY IN ENGLISH LITERATURE FAIRY TALE.

Аннотация

В данной статье рассматривается своеобразие композиции, авторской идеи, сюжета и стилистических особенностей в произведениях Киплинга.

Ключевые слова: сказка, колониальные идеи, основная политическая линия, человеческая энергия и воля, английский фольклор.

Annotation

This article observes the problem of a composition, a plot, author’s adea and slylish features in English fairy tale, basically in the works of P.Kipling.

Keywords: fairy tale, colonial ideas, basic political line, human energy and will, English folklore.

Discrete (discontinuous consisting of separate parts) chronology of events is characteristic for of Kipling’s fairy tales that is a component of their ideological - art structure. So, for example, in R. Kipling’s fairy tales the beginnings of life on Earth. In that, probably the author saw cognitive and entertaining means of fairy tales. Kipling was born and workied in the English colony (India) he well knew local and English folklore.

But nevertheless his fairy tales are individual and original would-be for conclusive true. So, for example, in a fairy tale “Whence at the Whale such throat” here, as well as in other fairy tales of Kipling used embodiment being endow characters with human speech and thinking. All researchers of Kipling's creativity unanimously think that his best fairy tales deficient his favorite imperialistic, colonial ideas: “exactly such Kipling’s stories which is taking place as a matter of fact away from the basic political line his creativity are representing the most indisputable art value” [1].

The fairy tales of Kipling have called as “animalism” because of there is images of animals - ancestor of: “present ‘‘animalism” stories including collection of “Simply fairy tales for children (1902) - the best of all” [2].

But G.V. Anikin has not been liable to idealize a fairy tale of Kipling and has rather resolutely expressed an opinion further: these books have feel a reactionary' ideas of Kipling being insist on absolute character of “Jungle rule” where strongest is alive. However these ideas step back on the second plan before elements of cheerfulness and poeticize of human energy and will” [3].

In a fair tale of “Whence at the Whale a throat’ the meeting of Whale which has eaten all in sea, with the person was fatal: the clever and brave seaman not only has to override the Whale, but also has put into his throat a lattice that Whales did not swallow people. The person here is originator along with God, so have been creating a new anatomy of the Whale such way as one needs to do that for, to the person.

That to be identical of the person above the nature – one of the basic ideas of Kipling’s fairy tale, as well as in a fairy tale of “Why at the Camel a hump”. The camel because of insubordination to the person and refusal to do one's duty along with the Horse, Dog and Bull has been punished by Genie and action of this story have started on beginnings of life on Earth: “In the earliest, long time ago – all ground were like a brand - new” [4].

The camel could not make for these missed three days and has as a punishment a hump and cannot learn to behave that was happened because of person – a crown of the nature, the author represented a person above all alive and also through of refusal to serve him faithfully should be punished by the most severe way.

Kipling in these fairly tales had to take upon oneself a role of the most ancient chronicler – the witness of Universe evolution in harmony along their orders. At that the writer was not worried so mach about scientific authenticity as about an idea of domination of the person above animals. Fantastic versions of Kipling are popular among children in view of interest and entertaining.

There is also for children have edification as to fulfill the requirements of genre demanded. Moreover these fairy tales of Kipling come to final with poem being logic continuation of the prosaic text. In a fairy tale of “Whence at the Rhinoceros a skin” for bad behavior was punished the Rhinoceros by Pars through that was eaten a pie without asking leave. In revenge the Pars pour in skin of the Rhinoceros grog while the Rhinoceros has gone to bathe.

The humanize of Rhinoceros it was showed first of all in outward appearance: “Then, skin of Rhinoceros still was button up on a stomach and was look like rubber raincoat” [5]. Since at Rhinoceroses nasty character and folds on a skin which heretofore is off. The Kipling have to ignore by evolution and have been misses events chronology in the fairy tales: having shown the reason of mould the character and faces personages, he being jumps through centuries, expressly have missed the period between beginnings of animals and present such as kind and characters but for all that have not allow any opportunity of their change from birth up to now.

Thus, the course of a history in fairy tales of Kipling has rather interrupted and uneven, character. Therefore, the heroes of Kipling's fairy tales, as well as folklore are deficient of psychologies. They exist as the constant reality is given as a punishment or as award for their behavior at beginnings of life on Earth. The researchers are marked the original English humor of the writer, for example, in fairy tale of “Elephant calf”.

The author in fairy tales in oneself is keenness on game along with explanations of come into the world of a present kind of animals. Have been using fantastic methods, he has shown in amusing form like occurrence of trunk at elephants so useful them. The “Elephant calf” has taken a revenge of his relatives constantly treat badly with him. His curiosity nearly has destroyed him, but after that has awarded of trunk.

The kids who have got in trouble, in fairy tales of Kipling always there are find advisers and defenders, and assistants so as for “Elephant calf” was a Python, Rocky and Snake which not given to a Crocodile to eat curious “Elephant calf’ which tried to find out about that Crocodiles have for dinner. Thus for “Elephant calf’ being threatened of life has turned back of functional purchase. Moreover, all his relatives have gone to beg Crocodile for presented them same useful nose - trunk.

In a fairy tale of “Whence have undertaken battleship” the author have to learn a small readers to resource fullness on example of such heroes as “Spitfire -prickly" hedgehog and the Turtle Slow are outwitted a Jaguar and his mother, they have exchange the roles in form of protective means.

Thereof have appeared a Battleships: “Certainly, in other places there are still both Hedgehogs and Turtles (there are in my garden), but the best and cleverest of them - ancient Hedgehogs and the Turtles covered sheets as fir come like in long time ago was lived on muddy coast of Amazon, - those are always called Battleships because they are such reasonable” [6]. The author does makes readers in a role of witnesses how has come into the world a new animals so thus to stand at beginnings of life on Earth.

In a fairy tale “As first letter was written” on a vivid example has been shown a necessity of understanding between people: tegumayskj tribe and Stranger (from tevarzev) and girl Taffi. The author emphasizes, that action passed over Stone Age, but the knowledge of other languages is shown as a modern problem on example of Taffi it is emphasized, that little girls are still not so like to study to read and write, but with pleasure draw a pictures and love “to play quietly somewhere nearby to daddy just as Taffi here is also the discrete chronology is available too: to readers are shown only Taffi and customs of modern girls.

Thus, the author gives an opportunity to imagine that, shat were happened hot in mentioned period between the Stone Age and the modernity. Probably, anything remarkable did not happen, therefore little girls still behave, as Taffi. This mentioning involuntarily have been intrigues their own mystery and uncertainty.

The children are involved in creative process and compelled with the help of imagination to carry out connection of times, and also to be make sure of prospective correctness of the author - creator. In the well- known fairy tale of “a Cat walked in itself' the narration is conducted as usually, from far away when “the Domestic Animal was Animals Wild”. The gradual process of domestication Dogs and Horse and Cows are shown but only the Cat was escaping the common lot and continued “to wander at one's will and walked in it”.

The writer has put forward the version both of family nascent and home and also relations between people and animals and again about contracts were concludes since long time ago when the world was just new which are kept till now. It is spoken nothing about how these contracts between people, the Dog and the Cat whether they varied or unvaried, without nuances and whether it is valid just a same or as were initially.

This constant of an invariance of the world from the beginning till these days is an original dash as discrete chronology. The description between the beginning and the modernity are interrupts and it serves as original confirmation of author's correctness, that it was a real, therefore nothing is change and that way could not change.

In a fairy of “the Moth which has stamped a leg” the historic figure – Tsar Solomon and son David is shown. But exactly this fairy tale have abounds with plenty of fantastic essences such as (Afrits and Genie's) and with magics. The first one main tsarina Balkida with the help of the Moth has helped to Solomon to appease once and for all once all his numerous shrew's wives.

That is again when the author has designated the beginning and the end of a history and having written, that since the Solomon and Balkida were lived happily up to death. That was between these basic events had kept, as always, outside of the text, only in imagination of readers. The writer snatch away the most significant and fatal events from a life of heroes and the rest for author does not represent interest and he doesn't want to take the trouble with the description of insignificant incidents because of his viewpoint. It is as usual privilege of national fairy tales in which, as a rule, the characters of heroes doesn’t have varied and there are no metamorphosis’s whit them.

In “Ricky-Tiki-Tavi” fairy tale the mongoose is not skilled, but his the brute movable though before he never was hunting independently and his fighter manners are own since a birth. He always know how to behave with enemies: “More one minute the mongooses in general haven’t afraid though Ricky-Tiki-Tavi never saw before such a lot of analive cobrabecause of mother to breast-feed being deed end tie wellunderstood, that mongooses are exist to battle with snakes, to be victorious over snake [8]. His victory is a pledge of that in further not any cobra will be squeeze through a fence of this house die mongoose have saved a whole family: Teddi and his parents.

The connection between people and an animal is shown. The brave of main hero Riki-Tiki-Tavi are admires people because it like close friend and the savior and the writer have emphasized an invariance of these relations by his own typical way such as - discrete chronology.

The most well-known fairy tale is “Books of Jungle" about Maugly are belonging to a number of “animalism” of Kipling's stories. The Kipling have allocated animals with features of human mentality . The life of animals provided to be an allegoric image of a life of human society” [9].

The writer have to undertakes again to tell about Universe evolution, but the discrete chronology is shown more unusually: first of elephants Tha has taked out a Jungle from deep waters, so had created Jungle. It was the first one to promulgate a law under which all subsequent generations of animals began to live. His descendant named Hathi was the main keeper and myrmidon of the law in Jungle just he was annihilated a village with his sons from where the inhabitants have expelled Maugly, except him nobody could not find common language with animals.

The main hero Maugly being evolved among animals selflessly loved him, close to nature much better feels himself in Jungle because human self-interest are alien to him by reason of their avidity, falsity, meanness, garrulity that why he was indignate with people which kill just “because of idleness and for fan”. The Maugly has returned precious ancas with rubies and other rare stones because of him six person have killed each other wishing to own it. For Maugly the main things are: friendship, fidelity, nobleness, mind except mother (Messua) unfortunately, have nobody that he met these qualities.

At the end the Maugly should return to people because of loneliness: he feeling like the master of Jungle but anyway to felt a need for people though of their defects. However, some researchers considered that the Maugly was deprived of social value: “have been developing the theory of “the natural person”, the Kipling was denying the image of Maugly social value.

The decoding of separate images sometimes finds out their invisible reactionism. For example, how the leader Akea have to rule over the wolfs troop, the statement of discipline and primitive civil code have felt. The imperialistic point into the description of war with Dholy which appear as the lowest race. The Kipling as it was marked by contemporaries have been condemning a mob of “Bandarlogs” - monkeys as allegoric satire on the French bourgeois democracy and also on parliamentarism hated by him” [10].

The Maugly without social prejudices is a person of the future of Indian society which till now shares on castes. The period when the Maugly was helping to the person, who had failed in a hole from a caste untouchable, the rural foremen hadthreatened him with in change into untouchable. The Maugly with his morals was too good in front of an imperfect human society his victory over main Enemies (Sher-khan and red dogs) is also asconfidential friendship with the most powerful representatives of Jungle such as (Kaa and Bagiraand Baly ) do not made him arrogant.

The Maugly always keep quiet and kind. The Kaa and Bagira and Baly and Mother – wolf constantly had admitted with love to Maugly which always can be proved with affairs. The Maugly had grown in atmosphere of sincere love and nobleness, fearlessness unsuccessfully tried to find all this at people and he wasn’t be capable to ratify these laws in a society of people which first of all are possessed by greedy of gain.

The only one thing that could make a Maugly is to wipe a village off the face of the earth which has expelled him with the help of the wild brothers, so the Maugly was rus between the world of people and animals. In comparison with the last the people in many respects had yielded to them. The Maugly may to be compare with. Certainly he is tragically person suffering because of lost soul.

The author eventually had determined his destiny: “In criticism the opinion have expressed, that the stories of Kipling about animals - are the best completely are laying outside of sphere of his imperialistic sights. However the Kipling's ideology along side have been enters into figurative system of his narration about the person - fighter. It is shown not only in an epilogue of history of Maugly and in story of “In a wood” where proud Maugly “is civilized” and going to work to the English forest warden which giving him at disposal of white “Sagib” all of his richest knowledge of local nature”: the wholeconception of stories about Jungle – as well as a cycle of poems art accompanying to them and also to reflects in oneself the characteristic featuresof the writer outlook [11].

The Maugly closer stood to the world of the nature and being a partyto mostancient history of Jungle which told by his friend Hathi was descendant of the founder of Jungle – That must be return to people which wasn’t respected as animals.

The Kipling always areinterested of question either about worldevolution or how it was or cherished secrets and sources and the whole of all. That way in the fairy tales he realized the own interest, have been creating theoriginal theory of evolution of species in general of all alive.

The Kipling was less interesting about what will happen after, than the evolution may be because of presence the other ways of life development and was it happen, the writer have viewed as a constant magnitude which is not bringing anything new. Exact this absence of evolution is also created a discrete chronology In fairy tales beginning with evolution of the Universe.

THE LITERATURE

1. A history of the English literature. - M, 1958. p. 272.

2. The foreign literature of 20 centuries. - M.. 1973. p.169.

3. Anikin G.B. A history of the English literature. - M. 1975, p. 359.

4. Kipling R. "Fairy tales" – M., 1979, p. 11.

5. Kipling R. "Fairy tales". – M., 1979. p. 20.

6. Kipling R. "Fairy tales". – M., 1979, p.50

7. Kipling R. “Fairy tales”. – M., 1979, p.73

8. Kipling R. "Fairy tales". – M., 1979. p. 119.

9. Anikin G.B. A history of the English literature. – M., 1975, with. 359.

10. The foreign literature of XX century. – M., 1973. p. 168.

11. A history of the English literature. – M., 1958. p. 270.