UIC 658.567.1 (574)
THE ANALYSIS OF DATA ON RECYCLING OF WASTE IN
KAZAKHSTAN
Batesova F.K. - сand.
tecn. sci., ass. Professor, Kazakh National Technical University after K.I.Satpaev
Pirmanova A.M. - the student of Kazakh
National Technical University after K.I.Satpaev
Pirzhanova G.I- the student of Kazakh National Technical University after K.I.Satpaev
Abstract: Production waste
is a global problem. For reduction of influence on environment of negative
impacts production waste it is necessary to hold a number of events for
recycling of waste. Because of this, the article analyzes data on recycling of
waste in Kazakhstan.
Keywords: Environmental
protection, illegal dumps, solid domestic waste utilization, remediation of
landfill.
The analysis of
information on regions showed that for the last 3 years of a maslihat (Maslihat
- local representative bodies in the Republic of Kazakhstan) the regional
developed by akimats of areas, the cities of Astana and Almaty are approved
programs of management of municipal solid waste. For the period 2010 akimats
developed the plans of measures according to the address with production wastes
and consumption hich specified by programs. First of all plans provided
development of the design and estimate documentation and construction of new
solid waste landfills, elimination of unauthorized dumps with land reclamation.
For the current time it is shown actual state of the issue of the waste,
exactly in several areas such as:
North Kazakhstan
area. Within the regional program «Protection
of the surrounding the SKO environments on 2005-2007» in 2006 the scientifically which based
on program, it was
developed in Petropavlovsk. In 2005 were carried out engineering prospecting
works from funds of the local budget for the sum of 4,95 million tenges.
However in the next years funds weren't allocated for design of the new ground. Regional program «Environmental Protection of SKO for 2008-2010» was carrying out actions for
reconstruction of solid waste landfill. The program also provides sorting and separate collecting MSW. In
the present time is conducted purposeful work on introduction of system of
separate collecting garbage three
types: various container, paper production and small cardboard, food waste and
residual garbage.
According to the
PI "Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control Akmola
region for 2008-2010, a list of priority local budgetary investment projects in
the field of environmental protection, which also includes such projects as the
construction of landfills in Kokshetau, g.Makinske, etc. Burabai and
Shchuchinsk, which include the construction of landfill
that meet all the standards and norms with the construction of a waste
processing plant. From
the Ministry of Economics and budget planning it is refused with motivation
that these projects are paid back and funds need to be allocated from the
regional budget. In the regional budget of such means isn't available.
The «Construction
of Solid Waste Landfill in Kokshetau Akmolinska of Area» project is
approved since receipts in the budget in a type of tax from activity of the
concessionaire will be carried out. The beginning of the project – May, 2009,
alleged end – November, 2011. A total cost of the project – 585 164 600 tg.
(the feasibility report is at the moment developed). Construction of plant in the territory of solid waste landfill provides
processing of waste construction production:
a tile, etc., thereby in a case promotions of the above investment projects, will be introduced modern technologies
of processing and utilization of municipal solid waste.
West Kazakhstan
region. Develop, coordinate and
involved «Regional science-based program management of municipal solid waste
WKO for 2007-2009» which
is aimed at creating a system solid waste management, provides a comprehensive
approach to solving the problems of environmentally sound disposal,
decontamination and disposal of solid waste. Annually from the regional budget
at improving waste management system of production and consumption, waste
management and cleaning of waste disposal sites are allocated funds. In 2008
godupredpolagalos carry out the following work with the planned costs: -demercurization
on mercury-containing lamps and devices - 2000 thousand.
The elimination of dumps - 17,500 thousand.
tenge.
Practically all
specified means were used: on demercurization of lamps and devices all means
are mastered, on elimination of dumps 15454,5 thousand tenges are mastered. In
2008 at the expense of the means provided on elimination of spontaneous dumps
work in 11 areas from 12 available in area is carried out in Uralsk, thus is
taken out 16 761 tons of waste. Works on elimination of spontaneous dumps were
performed as state enterprises, and limited liability partnership and SP.
Kyzylordinsky
area. For a solution of the problem of regions on construction of the waste
sorting and overworking enterprises by akimat projects «Construction of the ground are developed for sorting and burial
industrial and household Waste» worth 468 million tenges which is included in the
Program for the complex solution of problems of Priaralya territory for
2007-2009 approved by the resolution of the government of RK
of 26.09.06 No. 915. The «Construction of Plant on Processing of Municipal Solid Waste in Kyzylorda» project,
worth 4970,1 million tenges is developed.
Karaganda region.
One of the main problems of area – absence of waste recycling plant. Actions
for its decision repeatedly joined in ecological regional programs. In our area
were considered offers from foreign and Kazakhstan firms, also there was
considered the scientific and technical organizations. However because of the absence of investors
and financing the problem of construction of waste recycling plant for the
current time the unresolved. In «The regional program for environmental protection
of the Karaganda region for 2008-2010» action for construction of waste
recycling plant with preparation of the corresponding technical and ecological
justification isn't included also because of insufficiency of budgetary funds.
For the current day at the regional level for implementation of this project
the working group with participation of representatives of JSC SPK Oil Company Saryarka, regional departments
and managements, akimat of Karaganda and service providers considers offers of foreign and
domestic-owned firms on construction of waste recycling plant. Joint-stock
company SPK Oil Company «Saryarka» develops the scheme of financing. Consideration of
the arriving projects and offers proceeds.
In the Karaganda region there is no ground on
burial and neutralization of toxic waste. Work on solving this problem is
carried out for extended periods.
Including attempts to obtain investments from the World Bank. Work was carried
out to seek funding for the development of the technical project of
construction of the landfill. In the "Regional Programme for Environmental
Protection of the Karaganda region for 2008-2010" solution of the problem
design and construction the landfill for disposal and decontamination highly toxic and chemically hazardous waste was not
included due to insufficient budgetary resources area allocated for the
implementation of environmental measures, although the proposal and
justification were provided by the Department. Into Karaganda region actions for elimination of unorganized dumps of
MSW on which are developed by the design and estimate documentation, were
included into the Regional program of environmental protection of area for 2008-2010
years. In 2008 works for remediation
solid waste landfills to Karazhal
territory spent about the sum of 29,98 million tenges, in the settlement
of Zhairem for the sum of 19,99 million tenges, elimination of residual oil
products from the territory of automobile gasoline stations are complete in the
settlement of Mustafin of the Bukhar-Zhirausky area spent the sum of 20,14
million tenges.
For 2009 the
budgetary demand was prepared exactly for actions for burial and recultivation
of dumps of MSW for the sum of 229 million tenges. However Management of
economy and budget planning across the Karaganda region this sum wasn't
supported.
In Pavlodar
region relevance optimization of procedures for handling waste determined by
turning the corresponding tasks in the field of environmental program. This
issue has repeatedly been the subject of careful analysis on the meetings held
by the administration of the city of Pavlodar, Ekibastuz, Aksu with
representatives the leading industrial enterprises in the region and the media.
At the moment the regional Akimat developed the regional science-based program
management of solid waste. Within this program an analysis is made of existing
facilities for disposal of solid waste, their morphological structure and are proposals
for optimal technology for sorting and recycling of solid wastetaking into
account the climatic conditions, terrain, population and infrastructure of
cities and regional centers of the region. In light of these recommendations in
the coming years will be carried out activities of the program management of MSW.
Akimat of East Kazakhstan region has an
inventory of solid waste examined 164 settlements with a population of more
than 200 people, which inventoried 194 landfill and unauthorized dumps of solid
waste. Objects storage of solid waste deposited on the topographic base scale
1: 500 000 - 1: 1,000,000; on them compiled inventory lists, detailed
situational plans made photographic documentation. Akimat of East Kazakhstan
region has an inventory of solid waste examined 164 settlements with a
population of more than 200 people, which inventoried 194 landfill and
unauthorized dumps of solid waste. Objects storage of solid waste deposited on
the topographic base scale 1:500000 - 1:1,000,000; on them compiled inventory
lists, detailed situational plans made photographic documentation. According to
visual evaluation determined the amount and component composition of solid
waste.
Specific
recommendations for the reduction of the negative impact of waste on the
environment and human health. According to the inventory in the East Kazakhstan
region has accumulated more than 3 billion. Tons of solid waste mining and
metals, nonferrous metallurgy, rare metals, rare earth and gold production,
impounded more than 100 large and small man-made objects, which are considered
the state cadastre of technogenic mineral formations MEMR.
For 2008 the
total of educated industrial wastes on the Republic made more than 680 million
tons (2007 – 700,2 million tons, 2006 – 671, 2 million tons.), including, toxic
(amber and green indexes of danger) – about 300 million tons (2007– 201,1
million tons, 2006 – 225,3 million tons). The total of the municipal solid
waste (MSW) for financial year – made about 6,8 million tons (2007 – 6,5
million tons, 2006 – 12,7 million tons). Average percent of recycling on the republic – 28% (2007 – 18,98%,
2006 – 16%).
In total waste of
solid waste has about 50% recycled materials, with real market demand and
value, which irrevocably lost. Bringing
the total weight of municipal waste potentially useful components (rubber and
rubber products, plastic materials, glass, paper, etc.) can significantly
reduce the total volume of waste to be burial. Treatment technology should
include a serial: traditional and well-proven in practice and magnetic
electromagnetic separation, manual disassembly, homogeneous combustion of waste
types, not containing organochlorines, then composting, the direction of
residual waste landfills part together with the products of combustion.Such
scheme will bring to to that on poligonybunut to arrive not 90-100% of waste,
but no more than 20-30% of lump. One from the main component of a global
problem of processing of waste the question is utilization of various plastic,
which thanks to the high consumer to properties force out both in the industry,
and in life such traditional more and more earlier materials as glass, metal,
wood. But there is also a reverse of the medal: plasticity can't almost be
utilized by traditional methods. At them burning dioxine and other very
hazardous to health of the person and surrounding is formed connection
environments which can't be completely filtered by the available technologies.
Isn't an exit from a problem also burial of plastic to the earth. Is not a way
out of the problem and disposal of plastics into the ground at quite small, according to Western experts,
the specific weight of 5-9% waste plastics occupy up to 25% by volume of the
waste. The consumption of plastics is doubled every ten years. And one of the
most rapidly growing areas consumption of plastics is to use them as containers
for bottling soft drinks and plastic bags and disposable tableware.
The analysis of
data shows that the most widespread withdrawal for all categories of users of
nature and regions are:
-mercury-containing lamps;
-refining oils;
-old tires;
-Equipment safety;
-construction waste
In process of
accumulation this waste is transferred under the contract for processing or placement
on grounds.
Also , gathering
place of the slag silt slimes and so forth the waste which isn't carried to the
passported to technogenic mineral educations (further TMO). Thus it should be
noted that passports of dangerous wastes are registered in process of granting
them users of nature in territorial authorities of environmental protection,
and also are updated and will be re-registered in process of receipt of
additional information, increasing completeness and reliability of the data
included in its obligatory sections. Work on reception and registration of
passports of dangerous wastes in regions proceeds. For quantitative quality
standard of educated waste on the specified categories in section of regions,
the Ministry takes measures for development for current moment the software and
the translation of all information in a uniform databank with subsequent
creation of the State inventory of waste. Such program is necessary and for
continuous subsequent replenishment of base in the electronic mode, and also
further management of information on waste.
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