Shusharina G.A.

Komsomolsk-on-Amur State Technical University, Russia

Conflicts in Intercultural Communication

The conflicts in communication are inevitable in any social structure, as they are a prerequisite for social development. Increased attention to the problems of conflict is due to the requirements of modern society.

In the scientific literature, the notion of conflict is interpreted ambiguously, and there are many definitions of the term "conflict".

N.V. Grishina defines conflict as "arising in the field of communication collision caused by conflicting goals ways of behavior, attitudes of people in terms of their desire to achieve any purpose" [3, p. 14].

A.Ya. Antsupov and A.I. Shipilov offer the following definition: Disputed chat - this is the most important way to solve the acute contradictions that arise in the process of interaction, which consists in opposing the subjects of the conflict and is usually accompanied by negative emotions [1, c. 320].

In a situation of interpersonal conflict confrontational strategy is implemented. The confrontational strategy is aimed at achieving their own interests without considering the interests of the partner. It is revealed in such concepts as "dominance", "competition", "competition" [2, p. 245].

Any verbal strategy at its core is a set of hierarchically ordered speech tactics.

Speech tactics can be represented as one or more voice actions, which contribute to the implementation of the strategy. Thus, speech tactics are dynamic units, providing rapid response to the situation. As a rule, a strategic goal of communicants cannot be solved with a single tactic. Its achievement is carried out in a combination of tactics, depending on the course of dialogue.

Disputed verbal behavior is a conscious activity of speech language personality, aimed at achieving superiority over an opponent to change his behavior. The desire to dominate the dialogue and the achievement of excellence is realized in diverse types and forms of verbal aggression, namely, implementing tactics of confrontational strategy.

We have selected dialogues from the TV shows «Hell's Kitchen» (in English), «Vacations in Mexico" (in Russian), TV series «Vampire Diaries» (in English), «Supernatural» (in English), «Interns» (in Russian) for the analysis in this article.

In the process of dialogue analysis, we noted the use of communicative tactics of speech processing conflict. Communicative tactics of rude interruption of the contact between the communicants is implemented using the following expressions (Go to hell! Shut up! Get the hell out of here!), the application of a rude vocabulary (Shut up! Bastard!). The main methods of verbal representation of tactics are the following ones: acts of expression, which are characterized by the use of verbs of mental activity, verbs in the negative imperative, frequent use of adverbs “never, ever, again, once, when”.

Verbal means of expressing the threat tactics are used to predict the adverse or negative effects (verbs are used in the forms of the Future Simple Tense, the Present Continuous Tense). With the help of set phrases and special syntax, a negative attitude and a threat are represented. Moreover, we should point to colloquial vocabulary, vulgar, abusive words, tactics of insult and mockery.

The study identified the most commonly used communicative tactics of conflict between men and women on a material of English and Russian languages.

Analysis of quantitative data showed the dominance of aggressive tactics of both men and women in English shows and series. Mostly women than men use reproach and guidance tactics in conflict situations, and the tactics of contact interruption. The men are likely to use the tactics of threats and insults, and more likely to express their aggression nonverbally.

The analysis of quantitative data by Russian-speaking people showed the dominance of aggressive tactics of confrontational strategy between both sexes. Women than men also use reproach tactics in conflict situations. The men are more likely to use the tactics of abuse, of negative attitude, and of charge tactics. It was found out that the female and male aggression is expressed nonverbally. It should be noted that the emotional impact on the partner using excuses, apologies, helps more successfully emerge from conflict communicative situations to women.

The analysis of Russian and English material leads to the following conclusions: female representatives in both language groups prefer to use the tactics of reproach and an indication of communication in conflict. These tactics are among the three most commonly used among women. English-speaking representatives of the female sex are relatively rarely used tactic of insult, compared with the Russian women, preferring it to the tactics of negative attitudes.

Representatives of the male linguistic groups in a conflict actively use such tactics as a reproach and insult. These tactics entered into the top three on the frequency of use. English-speaking representatives of the male prefer to use threat tactics, but Russian men provoke conflict interaction using the tactics of a negative attitude. Both in Russian and in English, the men rarely used such tactics as mistrust, ridicule.

Thus, we can conclude that the linguistic identity by engaging in communication has a diverse set of linguistic resources, which enable it to implement a particular strategy and tactics. The choice of tactics depends on the goals set by the speaker himself. The first reaction that occurs on the tactics of realizing confrontational strategy is symmetrical response replica of equal strength or stronger statement. The study identified the most commonly used tactics for men and women. The analysis of the results showed that the gender dimension has an impact on the choice of tactics in the conflict communication.

References:

1. Antsupov A. Ya., Shipilov A.I. Konfliktologia. – Moscow, 2008. – 551 p.

2. Babosov E.M. Konfliktologia. – Minsk: TetraSystems, 2011. – 310 p.

3. Grishina N.V. Konfliktologia. - SPb : Piter, 2004. – 430 p.