Doctor of Philosophy, professor R.Yu. Rakhmatullin
Bashkir state agrarian university, Russia
Time as an ontological category
In the mechanical picture of the world being
seen as any why independent measure to measure the duration of events. For
example, Newton believed that time is the duration of the event. And this duration or why does not. One hour lasts
the same everywhere. The time is here understood
as an absolute, objective process that takes place uniformly, no matter what,
and without relation to anything external. It does not depend on the nature of
the material systems, the duration of the processes which are expressed. This
representation is called the substantial time. At first glance, it is true. Но более глубокие
размышления о природе времени неизбежно порождают следующий вопрос, «существуют ли абсолютные часы, ход которых ни
от чего не зависит?». But a more profound
reflection on the nature of time will inevitably give rise to the following
question, "Is there absolute hours, the course of which neither depends on
nothing?". Indeed, if the object (e.g., the watch) interact with an
object, then they both change to some extent. Such a change should then reflect
on the processes taking place in the clock. Thus, in the universe, where
everything is in communication, the absolute time need not be.
In
considering the above means of physics, Einstein concluded that the stronger
the gravitational field (gravitational field), in which the object is, the slower
it is changing. Power of the gravitational field is dependent on body weight. Therefore,
in systems with a greater mass processes are much slower than with a smaller
mass systems. Therefore, we can talk about time dilation in them, Einstein
concludes by making one of the fundamental conclusions of his relativistic
theory of time. This conclusion was later verified experimentally: one atomic
clocks placed in a strong gravitational field, while others left under normal
conditions. After a while it turned out that the first few hours behind the
second.
Thus, science has data confirming the time
dependence of the states of matter. This view of time is called relational. In
accordance therewith, there is a relative time value for the state transition
characteristics of the object. In other words, the concept of time captures the
variability of material systems. If the spatial characteristics of the object
is reduced to the determination of its place among other subjects, the time
response is a representation of its history as a serial communication
conditions. In this history can be relative, if the speed change events in one
object is compared with the speed in the other processes. This comparison and
reconciliation is the foundation course of the events we are interested in the
progress of the processes occurring in the clock. Elementary particle physics,
quantum mechanics is considered a relational concept of time as a necessary
component of modern scientific picture of the world [1]. The relational concept of time is applicable whether to characterize
social systems. It turns out that social time is dependent on the nature of the
social object about the same as a physical time depends on body weight. It is
noted that the larger the social object, the slower it changes. For example, if
the object is a social society as a whole, its transition to a different
qualitative state of the hundreds and thousands of years. For example, the
transition from the slave society to a feudal lasted several centuries. But if
the social object has a smaller scale, the radical changes it may happen in
much less time. Thus, the Communist Party in our country for several decades of
existence, not only changed its name, but also radically changed its program,
strategy and tactics.
Some modern scientists adheres to a
constructivist point of view at a time, coming from the philosophies of Hume
and Kant. For example, Bertrand Russell wrote that while there is a serial
connection of a single bit of information about the world that exists in our
minds, with another bit. Therefore, time has a way of organizing information.
It is a property of the mind. Beyond human consciousness there is no time [2, с. 111-113].
Thus, in the picture of the world
positivists questions concerning the nature of matter, motion, space and time
are transferred to the realm of consciousness. This shift is motivated by the
fact that the immediate reality only images of objects are always for us, and
not the objects themselves. In such a world movement of the film is regarded as
a change of psychic phenomena. By space is meant a form of organization of
images in a system consisting of simultaneously coexisting elements, and under
the age of – their organization into a sequence of changing each other's mental
states. The question of the objectivity of the spatio-temporal organization of
the outside world is considered to be invalid because of its fundamentally
insoluble means of human reason. The question of substance (matter) in
positivism considered unscientific because of its unverifiable [3].
The irrationalist philosophy of the
time the problem is solved ambiguously. In a number of exercises being
considered as a separate substance. In other cases, being considered as a
sphere of experience [4].
References:
1.
Рахматуллин
Р.Ю., Хамзина Д.З. Cоотношение
понятий «мировоззрение», «картина мира», «онтология» // Исторические,
философские, политические и юридические науки, культурология и
искусствоведение. Вопросы теории и практики. 2013. № 1-2. С. 156-159.
2. Рахматуллин
Р.Ю. Философия: курс лекций. Уфа, 1998. 310 с.
3. Рахматуллин
Р.Ю., Сафронова Л.В., Рахматуллин Т.Р. Образ как гносеологическая категория:
трудности определения // Вестник ВЭГУ. 2008. № 3. С. 6-14.
4. Рахматуллин
Р.Ю., Хидиятов Н.Б. Иррационалистическое направление в философии. Уфа, 1995. 99
с.