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D. Tashimkhanova, A. Ismailova
Eurasian national university named after L.N. Gumilyov, Kazakhstan
TOLERANCE AS A KEY TO SUCCESSFUL INTERACTION IN THE
MULTIETHNIC SOCIETY
Contemporary
socio-cultural reality of
Tolerance is,
on the one hand, the moral principle regulating human activity, forming a
special type of philosophy, and, on the other hand, a practical tool to
effectively solve contradictions and conflicts [1: 32].
In
Etymologically,
the concept of tolerance goes back to the Latin. «Tolerantia»,
in many cultures, it was treated as tolerance, patience, and semantically
implied passive orientation. In the process of formation of the term its
semantic content changed. Currently, the majority of researches, reference
books associate tolerance with active voluntary and conscious social behavior
of the individual. «Tolerance - not passive, unnatural conquest of view,
opinions and actions of others; not submissive patience, and an active position
of moral and psychological readiness for tolerance in the name of mutual
understanding between ethnic groups, social groups, in the name of positive
interaction with people of different cultural, ethnic, religious or social
environment» [3: 235].
Tolerance -
the quality of the moral, it is formed in a specific socio-cultural
environment, and its formation is influenced by a number of factors. Formation
of tolerance mentality of students is one of the most important directions in
the activity of educational institutions. Educational institution takes part in
socialization and giving basic education builds the foundation for the basic
training of a person, which is inextricably linked with the ideas of
intercultural dialogue, inter-ethnic harmony and tolerance.
According to
teachers, neglect or a lack of attention to the problems of tolerance formation
among young people is fraught with the fact that this may lead to a denial of
their moral principles.
We conducted
a survey revealed the general tolerance level first-year students of the
To conduct
the survey, we used the express questionnaire «Tolerance Index» developed by a
team of psychologists of the Russian center «Gratis» (G.U. Soldatova,
O.A. Kravtsova, O.E. Huhlayev,
L.A. Shaygerova).
The
questionnaire contained 22 statements on which the students had to express
their agreement or disagreement on a 6-point scale.
All the statements
can be grouped into three blocks: the first block of the statements aimed at
the diagnosis of ethnic tolerance / intolerance. This block includes the
statements such as: «I am ready to accept as a member of my family a person of
any nationality», «I want people of
different nationalities to be among my friends», «In mixed marriages there are
usually more problems than in the ones between people of the same nationality»
and others.
The second
block includes the statements that reflect the social tolerance / intolerance
(the relation of the respondents to the individual social groups and categories
of people such as minorities, the mentally ill people, the poor): «It is
unpleasant to talk with slovenly people», «Refugees do not need help more than
the residents who have problems not less than refugees», «Beggars and tramps
are guilty in their problems themselves», «All the mentally ill should be
isolated from society» and others.
The third
block was connected with the diagnosis of tolerance as personality traits. This
block includes the statements such as: «Even if I have my own opinion, I am
ready to listen to other points of view», «The man who does not think like me,
makes me irritated», «If someone comes to me rude, I say the same», «The
dispute can only be one correct point of view» and others.
Collective
evaluation of tolerance level was carried out in three levels:
• Low level
(threshold) tolerance (determined in the range 22-60 points);
• Average
level of tolerance (in the range 61-99 points);
• A high
level of tolerance (within 100-132 points).
The survey
results showed that the respondents did not express intolerant attitudes toward
people around them, as a whole, and in particular to representatives of other
nationalities. The level of intolerance was overcome by all, with 6% of the
students showed a high level of tolerance, showing brightly expressed traits of
a tolerant personality, positively ready to accept others as they are, open to
the conflict-free interaction with the people around them, including representatives
of other ethnic groups. However, according to psychologists, such indicators may
be evidence of the erosion of «tolerance boundaries», such as those associated
with the psychological infantilism, trends in connivance, condescension or
indifference.
The main part
of the students (94%) showed an average level of tolerance. Such individuals
are characterized by a combination of both tolerant and intolerant traits. The
degree of tolerance depends on the social situation, i.e. in some social
situations, they behave tolerantly, and in the others, they may show
intolerance [4: 316].
According
to the survey, the majority of students have a fairly high degree of ethnic
openness. With the statement «I want people of different nationalities to be
among my friends», 82% of the respondents agreed. Willingness to accept as a
member of his family a nationality of another person as a whole 60% of
respondents showed. The survey data show that ethnic discrimination is
manifested in the choice of his inner circle, so that family and marriage
relations with representatives of other ethnic groups were not acceptable for
40% of the students.
Clearly,
these data cannot claim to be exhaustive, but they reveal the tolerant
principles, typical for young people, identify methods of tolerant personality
education, to clarify the formation way of a tolerance culture, the mentality
of tolerance promoting the preservation of civil peace, stable inter-ethnic,
inter-ethnic relations in country.
Literature
1. Zolotukhin V.M. Two tolerance concepts. –
2. Mazhitov S.F. Interaction and interference national
cultures: theory and problems of continuity // Questions of culture and art of
3. Buluktayev U.O. The essence and prospects of Kazakhstani
model of interethnic tolerance and social harmony // Kazakhstani model of
interethnic tolerance and social harmony of
N.A. Nazarbayev: Mater. Of Int. scient.-pract. Conf. – Almaty,
2015. – p. 232 - 238
4. Tashimkhanova D.S., Yavorskaya E.E.
Etiquette behavior of students in the initial situations of communicative
interaction // Lingvocultural values in a
multiethnic society: collective monograph. –