PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS OF DEVELOPMENT INTERNATIONAL TOURISM
IN THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN
Authors: Arapova G.M., Ismailov B.A. Аssankhodjayeva I.F.
M.
Avezov SKSU
Nowadays, imports in the global
economy, for a clear definition and understanding of tourism in all its
aspects, development strategy of national tourism, which plays an important
role in the function of the relevance concept, structure, and are considered
the future of industry.
In the world of complex map of the Silk Road, the
son of unique travel destinations, historical, cultural, and natural and
tourist and recreational facilities, foreign companies and international
organizations, tourism have shown a deep interest in international exchange of
Kazakhstan. At the same time, we just do not have the resources to attract
foreign tourists and we can be used for the development of tourist potential
economy, but also need to be aware of potential partnerships. This means that
the useful word to use all opportunities to operate together.
International market, economic,
organizational, legal, etc. formed on the aspects of our country, announced
that it differs from the well-established method of carrying out the activities
of the tourism operation. The last time that took place prior to the development
of tourism industry in economic systems of accordance with the laws market's
view of its own helplessness is even some indication that damage in the first
few minutes. It is carrying out actions in the field of tourism.
Enhance the effectiveness
of the international tourism industry in the development of market relations in
country and widely used in actual path of development, supported a number of
basic legal documents and legal acts. However, the laws of the Republic of
Kazakhstan on issues of international tourism and the development of ways to
improve the efficiency of many of the cases of specific economical mechanisms the formation is not entry of force. The ongoing reform of
social-economic life
of the country
and its tourism
does not include
infrastructure. Kazakhstan loses millions of dollars
every year according bad material base developing of tourism, and this situation of tourist
investment in the
sector, as well
as the needs
to attract domestic
and foreign investors.
Taking into account the
specifics of the national tourist product, capable of ensuring a constant flow
of tourist infrastructure in the country to ensure that:
General use, and is
designed to meet the needs of the tourist development of road transport
infrastructure;
- Supporting
infrastructure: the creation of the current and future potential of the tourist
areas of water, electricity and telecommunications equipment;
Tourist complexes, the
creation of ethnographic museums and recreation areas:
- Historical, cultural and ethnographic fast restoration of monuments and
museums;
- Taking into account the use of tourist facilities projects over the years,
including the construction of medium and small leisure activities and
organization.
Tourism infrastructure developed to raise
the question of
development domestic tourism industry, the tourism
industry still did
not find his
way. However, in
developed countries with a market economy
similar to the
tourism industry, the tourism industry
at the international
level should be
raise.
In scientific point of view, the tourism industry is not
yet considered nobody as well (especially in the CIS countries) and it
is easy to explanatory phenomenon, because
a planned economy the absence of private sector tourism industry is not at all as the economy in general.
Only to specific elements of tourism industry: tourism
enterprises positioning resource-oriented, seasonal and periodic nature of
social production and the necessity of attracting significant investments in
industrial sector. These needs and specifications in various political, social
and economic crises may vary slightly, but in general, they are losing their
importance, to retain its majority.
The sphere of tourism is strategic importance for economy of country. At
present, the existing tourism infrastructure does not actively growing needs of
tourism in the country, but it is in accordance with international standards
and can serve as the basis for the formation of ecological infrastructure that
meets the criteria.
Basis of sphere – is tour
products of industry,
manufacturers and legal framework regulating
the industry and
business.
Tour consists of the following component parts:
1) transportation; 2) Management; 3)
food; 4) appeal;
5) supply. Tour caused by either of the following graphic
elements of the
picture.
The organizers
of the component
parts manufacturers and the industry
are forming main enterprises of GDP.
Table 1 – Elements of tour
Competition strict international tourist market turnover of billions of
dollars to date and represents a huge mechanism therefore, the first and
foremost task is characteristic only of the demand and the specifics of the
tourism product (hereinafter referred to as the tour of the product). In this
regard, some segments of the market Kazakhstan tour will be reflected in the existence of a bright future.
Taking into account the recommendations of IVF on the basis of analysis
carried out and existing practice, Kazakhstan tour on the part of the two basic
components: the cultural tourism along the Silk Road (the traditional
pilgrimage) and the closely related ecological tourism (safari, rafting, bird,
trekking, hunting fishing). At the same time, ecological is not have resources
to moving in direction of Silk Road tourism zones: Almaty, Zhambyl, South
Kazakhstan, East Kazakhstan, Akmola region should be noted.
First of all, in accordance with the priorities digestible areas and
support centers are defined as follows:
1. Ile (c. Almaty,
c. Esik, c.Talgar, c.Kaskelen, c.Uzunagash,
c.Kapshagay).
2. Northern
Tien Shan (v.Kegen, v.Narynkol, v.Zhalagash, v.Chundzha, v.Kolzhat).
3. Zharkent -
Taldykorgan (c.Zharkent, c.Koktal, c.Basshi, c.Tekeli, c.Taldykorgan, resort of
Zharkent - Arasan).
4. Balkhash (Lake Balkhash, Balkhash area).
5. Northern Jungar
(Dostyk, Lake Alakol, Lepsy, near the Lepsy River, Jarbulaq, Koktuma, Sarkan, Resort of Arasan - Kapal).
6. Zhambyl
(Taraz, Merke, District Moiynkum).
7. Turkistan
(Turkistan, Turbat, Otyrar, Shauldir, Baba-Ata, Kentau, Shayan).
8. Sairam-Shymkent (Shymkent, District Sairam, Arys, Shardara, Sariagash,
Lenger, T.Ryskulov,)
9. High
Bukhtarma (Katon-Karagay, Beril, Resort of Rakhmanov fountain, Lake of markakol).
10. Mangistau (Fetisovo, Аktau, Eraliev-kurik).
In addition, development of the priority items that can be attributed to
the nature of present and formation of a government of national parks (MUPT):
"Ile-Alatau" MUPT, "Altyn Emel" MUPT (Almaty region),
"Aksu-Zhabagly" MUPT (South Kazakhstan region), "Bayanauyl
"MUPT (Pavlodar)," Karkarali "MUPT (Karagandy region) "Burabai"
and "Kokshetau" MUPT on the basis of resort Shuch’e-Burabai,
"Korgalzhin" state natural park (Akmola region) landscapes,
effectives of regions to the organization of tourism characterized by a high
level of attractiveness in the context.
It is necessary to take into account specifics of tourism in the Central
Asian region. Silk Road adventure tourism and flow of foreign tourists main
segments within the region: Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan
constant movement. Thus, Kazakhstan products can only be effective as part of
an integrated Central Asian tour, following conclusions are made:
Қазақстандық туристiк
өнiмнiң ерекше белгiсi оның сипатының маусымдығы
болып табылады, бұл маусымнан басқа кезде нақты шаралар
қабылдауды және халықаралық туризмнiң баламалы
түрлерiн дамытуды талап етедi.
1. Tour of the
institutional elements of the product shall be agreed at the
intergovernmental level.
2. Kazakhstan tour in our region from neighbors tour (at least the price / quality ratio) should
be raise.
Kazakhstan tourism is a sign of seasonality nature product,
without this season, it should to take
concrete steps and
requires the development
of alternative forms
of tourism.
List of literature:
1.
Туристік қызмет
туралы: заң актілердің жиынтығы, Алматы- 2005г.;
2.
Ердавлетов С.Р. География
туризма Казахстана, Алматы-2010г.
3.
Жолдасбеков А.А., Арапова Г.М. Туристік бизнесті жоспарлау және
ұйымдастыру. Оқу құралы. Алматы, 2013. 267 б.