Т.Т.Тленова., М.Д.Рахимжанова., А.Е.Абдиханова

Казахский государственный женский педагогический университет, Казахстан

CIVILIZATION OF ISLAM – IN THE KAZAKHSTAN SPACE

The collapse of the Soviet Union when communism became a history and the transfer of the post-soviet countries into the market economy at the end of the XX century has its own effect on the Kazakh nation as a part of Islamic civilization. The mental life of the countries which were firstly under the Russian Empire, then the Soviet Union that fettered fifteen republics was changed. Especially the standard concepts of religious and philosophical knowledge were criticized and incorporated with the world’s common theories and concepts. The Islam rose to new levels in the fresh independent countries as Kazakhstan and countries of Central Asia. As a proof, in above mentioned countries in the last two decades thousands of mosques, madrasah and other religious places were opened. There were held international, intercultural symposiums and conferences. Now, in order to show the place of the Islam and Islamic civilization in these countries we have to define the meaning of civilization. This term comes from the Latin “civilas”, meaning citizen, civil society, country and city. That is why historians and archaeologists closely connect the civil stage research of the society with the urbanization. The term civilization came into usage in XVIII century and emerged as a notion of the stage that comes after barbarism. Thoughts of German philosopher of history O. Spengler have an important role in discussion of basic elements of history research from the point of civilization. He considered that civilization as a phenomenon resulting from the degradation of a culture, that is not the result of culture’s renovation or development but it is an outflow of inner capabilities of a particular culture, limitation of further development level, direction to decay, burning down the concession for a new civilization. He says: “Future of the West not unilinearly forward and upward. Due to certain factors it undergoes a decline. Therefore, as a consequence of Western decline a new civilization will come. This is a new phase. Hence, civilization is a death of culture’s spirit. Culture is also not for forever [1, 264p]”.

In defining the notions of culture and civilization Spengler wrote that “all cultures are equal, each of them is special and do without external intervention. The phenomenon of each culture is their diverse language, different life custom [2,50p]”. Consequently, civilization shows the role and function of religion Islam in global cooperation. Recently, the world is experiencing the ethnic and inter-civilizational clashes of the West and East. Kazakhstan as a part of global cooperation depends on the action taking place in international scale. Cause religious and ethnic clashes have taken place in one part of global cooperation will certainly affect to the other part. Collisions in Arabic countries, Pakistan, Afghanistan and in other parts of the Islamic world could be repeated on Kazakh land. That’s why there is a need to deliberately stabilize the religious condition. It is not surprising that these collisions may be either natural law or unrelated to each other phenomenon. This pattern can be conveyed in own words of American scientist S. Huntington: “We can define civilization as a cultural community of the highest rank, as the broadest level of cultural identity. The next stage contains what distinguishes mankind from other living species. World Civilizations determined by the presence of features in common objective elements such as language, history, religion, customs, institutions, and subjective identification of people” [3,5p]. Civilization is forever moving phenomenon. It has stages as emergence, development, decline, disappearance or transformation into another civilization. The emergence of the civilization starts with a changes of life customs of majority, the birth of new values, the release of charismatic leaders in arena and the creation of civilization doctrine (sacred religious books, party programs, etc.). The development stage is the result of good work of the view, mentality, institutional systems of the civilization. While decline – comes with the decrease of supporters of its idea. In other words, it is clear that in order to prevent the Islamic civilization from degraded state there is a necessity in the support of majority. Nowadays, the nomination of Islam as a monster and the cognition it as obscene movement are taken as granted. Unfortunately, due to the lack of religious knowledge many people limit it with their “knowledge”. As a result appears shallow concepts and actions as extremism and terrorism associated with religion. Our main duty is to restrict these actions as much as possible and wide propaganda of Islam as a religion of peace. Thereon, for the introduction of works on the mentioned spheres and the upgrade of Islamic values according to new age the association of Hajj was established in the I Congress of Kazakhstani Hajj in 2004 Astana. It is know that there were four Congresses of World and Traditional Religions’ Leaders. This gathering can give a lot for our country. First of all, this Congress is a great opportunity for Kazakhstan because there sore spiritual state of the today’s society is discussed. As well as the whole world turned its attentions to this Congress. To say nothing of handshake, leaders who do not even sit at the same table were discussing and coming to a consensus in Astana. This is an immense contribution of our country to world stability. During the Congress serious and wide thoughts as spiritual problems, peace-keeping, mutual consent of world and traditional religions and the questions of organizing between them a dialogue were analysed. It is known from past that capitalist and communist system ruled in the world. The competition between these ideologies was under the sight of the world. Though when the communism left the stage of the history, capitalist society emerged a concept “Islamic threat” instead of it. As a result there appeared new notion - clash of civilization. It is the opposite of a fair world order. According to this in the last Congress N.A. Nazarbayev said that ‘global crisis of moral human values is increased. Deployment of moral human crisis is slandering of every religion’s believer, ousting the religion beyond the boundaries of social trends[4,10-11p],’ In this way, it was openly said about the displacement of religion from our society. Moreover Leader of the Nation added: “In many stages religion acted as a guardian of folk wisdom, culture and customs”. For this point, the fact that we have retained our National values thanks to our noble religion in past soviet era is comes as a proof. The Leader of the Nation also touched on the topic of today’s world’s spiritual decline through saying: “Nowadays religions are standing at the crossroad. Human being is the highest conscious, it means instead of using the news of the God for the benefit of the world we seeding seeds of falsity, shameless notions and malice. Family’s consent, childe upbringing, continuity of generations were destroyed as a moral sample core of any society” [5,10-25p]. Now we move on to how important such thoughts of big forum to Kazakhstan. Every problem that mentioned by the President are found in our country. Today most of the western morally corrupt actions are taking place in our home country. Furthermore, there is also a risk of implementation of above mentioned vulgar material society. In order to nip in the bud of such an annoying phenomenon together with republics of Central Asia Alash people are implementing the concept of “decent society”. The significance of fresh idea is following: decent society is fair, merciful and worthy society. For this, if we can create such society among us, there is no doubt that the future of our country will be bright and stable. If we try to find the answer for the question as how have the odd religious movements appeared, the answer is the consequences of mistake as understanding Islam religion in general and fitting in the personnel needs. At the beginning the differences are not vital but after a certain time it varies from genuine religion and has contrasting interpretations. As a outcome appears another religious movement. That is why it is very essential for us to deeply understand our traditional religion. We must not delay it. Each person should aspire to be religiously illiterate. Moreover in the fight against odd religious movement we need comprehension and cooperation. We should act as a whole society, not only as a religious department or responsible bodies. It means we should start these activities from kindergarten and schools. If we teach our teenagers the traditional religion, human and decent values, it won’t be superfluous. In the solution of above mentioned problems we can lay on foreign practice. For example, neighbouring Russia adopted a document called ‘Islam doctrine against extremism’. There given deep definitions to notions as ‘Caliphate’, ‘jihad’ and ‘takfir’ and it is remarked that they stand below the national and county’s interest. Such experience is obligatory for us too.

Recently, Leader of the Nation raises this question in front of the global civilisation through offer the project “G-global”. During the last Congress ou President touched this theme. According to this project, Nursultan Abishuly as always shows his openness and trust also he divulges his fidelity to the principles of Virtue for the benefit of the mankind. “G-global” is a meeting and consensus of opinions in the global scale and dispute of issues of our common house-Earth’s future and notions for the human being. In recent times often raises an initiative as “new order”. According to this initiative only elected, rich and powerful part of the people should live. Cause if the population grows with same intensity, in the future the resources of the Earth won’t be enough to provide whole human being. Due to this factor, developed western countries are discussing this issue. When such unfair ideas exist in the world, we should accept the congress of religion leaders that was held in Astana as vital part of global consensus which leads humanity to the fair global order. In other words, there should be a worldwide unprejudiced order. It is our duty to think about all, not only oligarchs. The project “G-global” is based on this notions. Also there exists an international organization called “Rome club”. According to its reasoning due to the intensity of scientific, technical and economic development in XXI century there might be a disaster. In accordance with this in order to save the Earth they are offering different ideas and theories. One of these theories – theory of “Golden billion”. By this idea it is impossible to save the whole population because of this they will make attempt to save only one billion rich and aristocrat people. The second theory that is offered by western giants – “Haderland linear”. The idea of this theory is to identify not flooded places of the continents, settle their people from “golden billion”, because there is a risk of earth flood. It should be noted that this line lies on the north of our country. According to their theory one part of Kazakhstan won’t be flooded. It means that some certain organizations enviably intended to use it. Emergence of Islamic civilization in the territory of Central Asian countries is hard process. For example, Islamic civilization in Uzbekistan is identified by main three signs:

· ethno geographic;

· relatively religious (relation of Islamic and non-Islamic religions);

· geopolitical (external factors’ effect on religious processes).

These signs have a direct effect on the country’s development.

In conclusion, Islamic civilization in Kazakhstan and republics of Central Asia develops in Sunni direction and there are following basic elements showing Islamic civilization in named countries:

· National cognition;

· Islamic doctrine against extremism;

· Haderland linear;

· Theory of golden billion;

· Congress of world and traditional religion

· Abstract: This article examines the historical, political sentiments of the Islamic civilization in the context of Central Asia and Kazakhstan. In a society where the majority of people is made up of Muslim socio-economic status is directly dependent on religion. Because religion as a major moral capacity and shape nations and ethnic groups played a vital role in society. In the geographical area of Islamic civilization functioning integrative role, the people understand the value adheres to Islam, the role of the functions of religion.

«References:»

1. O. Spengler “The Decline of the West”. 1 V. M.-1993,-p.264.

2. Saidbaev T.S. Islam and society. - M.: Nauka, 1984. – 302 p.50.

3. «Pоlis»,- 1994,- №1., p. 5-7.

4. «Islam zhane orkenyet», - 2013,- №2., p.10-11.

5. Gainer I. The Officials. Materials for the study of household damn musulmanskogo population of Turkestan // Collection of materials for statistics Syrdarya region. T.I. Tashkent, 1891. 10-25p.