Философские науки /2. Социальная философия

Karabayeva A.G.

Dr. Sc., Professor

Ismagambetova Z.N.

Dr. Sc., Professor

Akbergen A.I.

PhD student

al-Faraby Kazakh National University, Republic of Kazakhstan

Social and cultural characteristics of discourse of tolerance

       Tolerance has attracted researchers and members of civil society by variety of social, cultural models, criteria, "practical" methods of interpretation and variety of semantic and functional aspects: quality, heterogeneity and level of relations, possibilities to ensure and retain stability and control over situation, the specificity of standards in a constantly changing environment of interaction and communication. Social, global, cultural openness of social and cultural communication is inseparable from constantly reconstructed situation of choice, challenges, conflicts, "axiological" discussions in a multicultural environment, with simultaneous declaration and recognition of the possibility of existence of people with different views and cultural experiences on the background of irreconcilable contradictions and inconsistencies of forms and qualities of social rights, live conditions and cultural practices.

The content of "tolerant" attitudes and opinions, beliefs and values reflects the dynamic of social and cultural phenomenon, above all, the most important moral and psychological orientations, grounds and status of person and society. Tolerance is refered to the ability to open different assessment of the facts and phenomena of the world, to the desire compare difference and variety of values and social norms of society and its cultural segments and content. Tolerance, as a unique "integrative" value of society and culture, the norm of civilization and cultural compromise, the condition of self-survival of the human and cultural identity and diversity is becoming an institutional element of the formation of a multi-level social environment. Tolerance is the lever of formation of political culture, means of direct management for cultural processes and factor of civil engineering.

       Properties of tolerance determines the quality of social mobility, the nature of relationship of "personal dependence" on the level of assessment, motivation, meaning, direction of communicative intentions and interests, the ability to systemic manifestations and reactions in the sense of retaining stability and development of the most adequate response to conflicts, intolerance, crisis in society and on a personal level.

Absence of asymmetry or real preference between the true theory of rational choice, on the one hand, and desirable social knowledge, on the other hand, as well as absence of exact model of the human psyche and real mechanisms of motivations, decision-making, assessing situations. Norms of tolerance indicates arbitrary of interpretation of mobility of "tolerance group" and diversification of moral principles in this area, as well as the blurring of the boundaries and the delimitation of social interactions.

"Taboo" on "opinion of majority " in contemporary political culture and system of relations often removes from the agenda the question about of understanding, interpenetration of cultural dialogue, open collaboration, practice of mutual benefit, cultural sensitivity, and even a direct responsibility in the modern civilization. In such situations for basic balance of forces and capabilities society refers to such concepts and formats of communication as compliance, modesty, humility, subordination, etc.

       The scientific community and civil society are increasingly turning to explaining and formation factors of cultural, communicative, civil competence, as well as competence in the sphere of relations of tolerant interaction in response to questions about the rules, regulations, requirements, values, constraints, choices, motivations of social and cultural self-determination, development and decisions, behavior in sensitive areas of the social whole, such as a tolerant interaction, dialogue of cultures, values crisis, etc.

The psychological and social meaning of socio-cultural competence of the individual – is the ability to express themselves in society in broadest perspective and horizon of representation as transparency, commitment and responsibility. Mechanisms of taking some and denying others values responses not only for the dynamics of socialization and transformation of moral judgments, but also for quality and results of process of adaptability, as well as most important and quite notable characteristics of community, cultural institutionalization and defining method of formatting "I" by person and the definition of their socio-cultural priorities.

The socio-cultural competence – is the most important basis of relevance and success, motivation and responsibility and satisfaction, human positivity in a multicultural world. The main criteria for evaluation of the social and cultural level of competence in the context of "their" group and outside it are recognized as compliance with human behavior in specific situation and social context in general. The socio-cultural competence determines the effectiveness of choice and action. Cultural competence shows ways and achievements in the communication process and results, the determination of points of mutual understanding in the dialogue or direct communication, as well as the successful exchange of arguments and meanings and more.

Achieving the optimal level of socio-cultural competence is possible through comprehensive involvement of all spheres of the personality – intelligence, structures of motivation, social skills and cultural knowledge of different nature, including knowledge of "other" or knowledge of the social and cultural innovations. The optimal level of socio-cultural competence can be defined as the presence in a special system of knowledge, abilities and skills to build positive relationships with various people, including with dissimilar to it for a variety of parameters, taking into account the principle of equality, independence, personal autonomy, and ethno-cultural, religious, racial, social and ideological differences.

       The socio-cultural competence involves the successful interaction of the persons as members of own group as well as with representatives of other groups, unlike on a variety of grounds. The substantial aspect of success and at the same time pragmatic cooperation are provided in development of "value mentality", elements of individualized social communication, promoting the expansion of social communication. Development of new social practices and technologies, reflective understanding and mutual understanding at different levels by participating in the mechanisms of social self-organization, "delimitation" and "legitimizing" of social and cultural environment.

      Formatting cultural competence is very actual in various environmental, structural contexts and circumstances. Substantive and structural aspect cultural competence is the quality of tolerance aimed at formation of social, cultural maturity and personal responsibility, its positive value-oriented attitudes, correlative "special" solutions and "acts" undertaken by subjects of social and cultural interaction. Cultural competence reflects the formation of a system of motivational factors, the implementation of the "program" of full participation in the life of society, the improvement of skills of understanding and acceptance of cultural and social diversity in society. Formation of cultural competence is provides the knowledge and characteristics of the main parameters and factors of development of the person as the subject of tolerance and tolerant environment, actualization and activation of internal resources, experience of personal life, mobilization effort and human energy, experience of partnerships and new quality of persons and its environment, "constructive" capabilities and attitudes, along with the formation of social and cultural experience of a new innovative type, formation of a harmonious of social space as the personality and development of new type of system properties, as well as development of resistance and stability of the individual and social systems in the context of new adaptive qualities, values and world outlook.

Concept of tolerance is an integral personal characteristics with four identified components: psychological stability, positive attitude system, individual characteristics, the system of personal and group values [1, 2]. In a modern liberal education much attention is paid to the sign, linguistic, symbolic, informational, emotional, adaptive, cognitive, and other aspects of communication. In this context the problem of formation of intercultural tolerance should take into account the cognitive component with the ability to internalization and interpretation of ideas related to intercultural tolerance as emotional component, socio-cultural reactions or satisfaction, with intense participation in intercultural interaction, expression of the cultural initiative and social responsibility.

      Challenges and practical transformations of social relations and institutions in the conditions of deep modernization of the society raises important questions about the social and psychological development and social transformation, its entities and conditions in the social, cultural, scientific, educational activities which can’t ignore the principles of tolerance for successful and efficient activity subjects of social and cultural communication.

Literature

1. Soldatova G.U., Shigerova L.A., Sharova O.D. Zhit" v mire s sobojj i drugimi: Trening tolerantnosti dlja podrostkov. - M.: Genezis, 2000.

2. Sovremennaja konflictologija v kontekste kultury mira. - M., 2011.