Yessimova Dinara Gabibollaevna

Kazakh National University named al-Farabi. PhD-student by social work. Almaty. Kazakstan.

THE SOCIOLOGICAL INTERPRETATION OF THE PHENOMENON OF LONELINESS PROBLEMS OF MODERN CITY DWELLER

"In isolation, each sees in himself what he really is"

Arthur Schopenhauer

The core of sociology at the sight Masionisa - a systematic study of human society. "The sociological approach" - a singular point of view. In this article we attempt is a sociological understanding of social problems such as loneliness. And see it in a particular plane, that is, in society metropolis.

Peter Berger meant by the sociological approach, the ability to see the total in the private [1]. He believed that sociologists identify common patterns in the behavior of individuals. Although each person is unique, society compels people to act one way or another. The social feelings and emotions are those emotions that arise as a result of the strain of social relations, such as isolation. One of these socio-psychological phenomena act of loneliness, which may be a psychological state and property. The paradigm of symbolic interactionism be the most acceptable interpretation of some points we need

Widely known Alfin Toffler describe a third wave in its self-titled work noted [2], "more and more people are locked in their homes and work without leaving home." This is what we can observe in modern everyday life, when in urban society can work without leaving from their own home while earning decently. Truly scientific authenticity have the scientific works that are ahead of their time, work to Toffler obvious and clear example. It should be noted that the problem of loneliness is not new in the literature of social orientation. For example, Zimmel wrote "The modern age is a time of great cities, intellectualism, increasing social differentiation and as a consequence of individualism, since man is not included in the dense social networks of small groups, but is a member of many social circles, being at their intersection. This is the time when a person is faced with a huge amount of cultural "content", created long before him and to confront it as something beyond its control. This is the "contents" locked in a special "space": space management, sciences, arts, and changes in them occur on their own laws, and at a pace that the individual can no longer be a member of many social circles (where he was speaking, more modern language, play different social roles), it breaks the conflict of values and commitments.

According to Georg Zimmel, the choice makes mentally weigh, measure, calculate. Then comes the role of reason prevailing over the emotions. Certainty of personality dissolves into place a distinct character of atonement overly flexible intelligence. Spinelessness distinguishes modern humans.

In our view Zimmel rights in that its interpretation of the modern man. Many of the values currently leveled. For example inhabitant metropolis all reluctant to part with its comfortable arranged, adjusted the rhythm of life, life in the name of the high ideals of the revolutionary aspirations of love, or high, requiring high moral recoil movement in geographic space and limiting their access to social benefits [3]. Social success is increasingly becoming a measure of human value and liquidity to stay in urban society. Increasingly, self-esteem and self-identity depends on that assessment which put him to the environment: the closest relatives, neighbors, friends, work colleagues. The paradigm of symbolic interactionism shows how people construct a working reality, interacting with each other. To is, as claimed by symbolic interactionism, particularly G. Meade, in his theory of the mirror I "- is something I care about what others think. Or what others think of me there - I [4]. In connection with this evaluation often depends not on the spiritual fullness of the content of the individual and the degree of climbing the social ladder. For these reasons, the modern inhabitants of large modern cities are increasingly becoming self-isolation from the particular society as a whole, since they often were alone with himself, he can be truthful and to be who is not those who "think" for others.

As Robert Park wrote, "We're bound to double existence, striving to live in accordance with the role we have taken and that society imposed on us, we find ourselves in constant conflict with itself. Instead of behaving downtime naturally as a child, in accordance with every natural impulse, we strive to adapt to the adoption of the module and take themselves, respectively, with a certain socially accepted pattern. Trying conformed, we restrain our immediate and spontaneous impulses and act not as inclined to act, but as it seems consonant with the case (the circumstances). This problem "drive personality into the framework society is most relevant in the modern urban sociology, medicine, psychiatry, social work. This implies the numerous social problems that are social plagues of modern urban society such as drug addiction, alcoholism, drug addiction, phobias, mental disorders, for example, such as having a tendency to increase schizophrenia, and other deep neuroses and suicidal state. And it often does not depend on social differentiation. This self-isolation individuality is not a positive factor and a positive phenomenon, because it leads to the closure of the individual. Role expectations surrounding this individual, granting him the ability to superman, superpersonal which, under the force of many of the decisions objectively, leading the person to the internal conflict, rebellion, which could lead to negative consequences, and above social deviancy. Improve mental and energy costs only exacerbate this trend. Megacity space more severely than a person such as the social space of the local rural community or village. In rural areas, because of the smaller numbers of people do not need to prove their professional or personal suitability of each day (from the statistics you see that the villagers can live for decades in the same house and work on one work).

Often, in what is a separate interval personality begins to think about the question "Who is really great too : successful clerk, civil servant, bank manager etc .... "As to whether I have role expectations members of my microcosm, the environment and local society in general. Here begins a dive, search for their identity, a radical movement until a change of residence and work .It should be noted that the average resident of Almaty city moves an average of at least 5 times in life and change jobs every 1-2 years, which may contribute to or aggravate his mental condition, increases the neuroses and depression. On the other hand there is a certain positive social effect: to start life anew as said the ancient Greeks «Tabula raza» that is a clean slate, more chances and opportunities still a resident of the metropolis, it is better accomodated and adapts to different displacements within city.

It can completely change its social life. Move to another micro-district, change the scope of activities, meet new colleagues, neighbors, friends, spouses, and thus escape from his personal troubles and social problems. A kind of self-help therapy. Sometimes it is an excellent way out of a specific client of social work. Sometimes this "rescue", a kind of "anti-crisis intervention" can be found according to Charles Horton Cooley in a small social group, known in scientific literature as "primary", whose members are linked by personal and lasting relationship. The most important primary group is the family [5].

Cooley described the personal and the tightly knit group that way, because they are among the first groups we encounter in life. In addition, the family and the initial play groups are of paramount importance to the socialization process, shaping attitudes and behavior of social identity.

In addition, members of the former group tend to treat one another as unique and irreplaceable. In the usual social circle of family or friends knows that can be "self" without worrying about the impression it produces. It is sometimes a lifeline for people in conditions of growing "social stress" inevitable companion "urbanzhizni. Under the condition of the surrounding strong and healthy primary group, he rarely subjected to critical state and therefore less likely is a client of social services. As a consequence, in the countryside almost no mental health centers, rehabilitation centers, adaptation, children's homes and other health and social services due to lack of objective reasons for creating them. Historically, that in rural areas family numerous and more cohesive, in such a family more social contacts and family social network objectively more branched. The physical work than in more rural residents engaged in more rallies and is a kind of therapy and a catalyst for relations, an important role in this is close to nature, that is in harmony with the surrounding world.

In megacity space achieve this harmony is not so easy, and it is not easy to hold, hindered occasionally frenzied and rapid pace of urban life. The radical changes and transformation are more likely to have a place. As participants in the secondary groups sometimes difficult to retain its identity because of social circumstances and motives of social life in the city. The full rich life in the urban social life requires a complex structure of the individual with a strong motivational component. The feeling of belonging to a particular social group, and the significance of particular importance for the individual. Changing the individuals in the community - a kind of barometer to indicate changes that may occur in the present in the institutions and habits.

According to C. Wright Mills cause of poverty and other social problems is to society rather than personal failings of people. Sociological Imagination as an element of practical sociology brings people together so that they have implemented the changes by transforming personal problems into public issues. He wrote that people need ... is the quality of mind, which will see ... what is happening in the world ... and that, perhaps, happen in their own hands. ... It is this quality can be called the sociological imagination "[6]. The social feelings and emotions are those emotions that arise as a result of the strain of social relations, such as isolation.

The current trend psychodynamic approach I-psychology that emerged in the late 50's. The main essence of the I-psychology, I review how the reflexive structure, fulfilling the function of self-reflection and self-relation. A typical example is reflected psychodynamic approach - transacted analysis (TA), which contributed to the development of an entirely new and original perspective on the personality and its inclusion in interpersonal interaction.

According to the humanist model A. Maslow only self-actualization personality, according to him is exempt from the frustration (or existential vacuum) and can feel comfortable, to act precisely, clearly and effectively.

In our opinion, this postulate and reflects the essential nature of the internal aspirations and proper line of conduct urban resident to act clearly, accurately, and efficiently. That in turn should save him from falling into the so-called social literature "difficult life situations.

It is a highly urbanspace, society makes waking up inside its own activity cards. Her desire for growth, progress, a fuller realization of its internal potency. Based on this model of "personal growth" K. Rogers. We also agree with the view that the opportunities for personal growth are endless despite conflicting views on this issue. The problem of loneliness has many faces. It comes at a time when the internal motivational personality structure is weakened .With the acceleration of the Urban Traditions extension urbanspace, this problem will worsen in various display shades .Na to view your nearest period of challenge to social psychologists, sociologists, social workers and social scientists is to improve existing techniques and new approaches and mechanisms of assistance to individuals who are in difficult life situation, work in the field of prevention and prevention of problems of social isolation and social orphanhood in general, raise the profile of healthy, holistic family in society.

Literature

1.Berger P. Invitation to Sociology: humanistic perspective M., 1996

2.Alfin Toffler A. The Third Wave. M.: OOO "Company" Publishing ACT ", 1999, ss.6-261.

3. Zimmel, Metropolis and mental life. ", Western theoretical sociology., Gromov And. A., Matskevich A.YU. Semenov, VA, St. Petersburg., 1996,286.

4.G.Mid "Theory of the mirror I am.", Moscow, 1996.

5. Charles Cooley. The theory of social groups., Masionis., Sociology. M., 1995., 498s.

6. Mills., Sociologocal imagine in 1959 Chicago, 250 p.