Экономические
науки/13. Региональная экономика
Aleksenko
Vadim
Student
direction training “State and municipal management”
P'yanov Aleksandr
PhD in Sociology, Assistant Professor
North-Caucasian Federal University, Russia
MANAGEMENT ASPECTS OF DEVELOPMENT OF REGIONAL ECONOMY
The strategy of economic development of the regions is
a complex system of various measures aimed at realizing the long-term
objectives of the country's social and economic development, taking into
account the rational contribution of the regions to the process of solving
these tasks. The rational contribution of the regions is determined by the real
prerequisites and limitations of their development. Over time, the regional
economic development strategy may change. The reason for this is the
socio-economic and political orientation of the state at a certain stage of
economic development, which is formed on the basis of a complex system of
conditions, as well as factors that influence the target setting of the
development of society. The implementation of socio-economic policy includes
the relationship of the federal center with the subjects of the state and
foreign economic interaction with other states.
The transformation of the entire system of property
relations and market reforms did not lead to a more effective management and
production growth. Adopted by the “state” model of market reforms, it was
simply not able to ensure a stable socio-economic development of the state and
its subjects. Many instruments of a market economy are still not fully used in
economic practice. Therefore, the search for effective forms and methods of
strategic management of social and economic development of Russian regions is
still topical.
Today, the Russian economy is strengthening the same trends
of modern economic development that are characteristic of emerging economies,
namely: globalization, the active development of the service sector, the
formation of a post-industrial society and its full informatization, the active
development of various network communication forms, etc. All this predetermines
the need Search for new ways of regional development [1].
The theory of pre-industrial, industrial and
post-industrial (information) development of the society of Raymond Aron [1],
Daniel Bell [3], William Rostow [4] and Alvin Toffler [5] can be used to
effectively analyze the level of regional development and further develop
strategies for the economic development of regions. These concepts suggest that
economic development overcomes three stages: agrarian, industrial and
post-industrial (information). The concepts of theories of the stages of growth
make it possible to assess the background and prospects for the economic
development of a city or region. Because, only having analyzed the dominant type,
for example, of the city's branches, it is possible to reveal various features
of managing its economic development.
So industrial cities have different laws, which are
determined by the place of the leading sectors in the economy. In such a city,
the leading industry creates jobs, and the rest of the infrastructure is more
engaged in servicing the main production. In such conditions, cities with a
mono-industry structure are very often formed. Here one or several enterprises
belonging to the same industry determine the entire state of the economy, as
well as the social sphere of the city.
A completely different situation develops in
post-industrial cities or regions, where the level of development of the
service sector (urban infrastructure: the degree of development of roads,
communications, housing, and entertainment, the level of crime and the city's
provision with qualified personnel) is the main sector of the economy, which
determines their well-being. . This is what determines the potential for the
effective development of a postindustrial city, as well as the ability of the
infrastructure to accept completely new types of business, new people, quickly
and effectively adapt to new changing conditions [6, p. 41].
In Russia, there are two processes – de-industrialization
and the growth of the share of the service sector in the economy. These two
processes are the opposite. Deindustrialization assumes a simultaneous decrease
in the share of processing industries and the strengthening of extractive industries.
This process is partly forced, and it is mostly negative from the point of view
of the development of the state economy, therefore the sector of manufacturing
industries with a high share of added value is narrowing. “The decline in
processing industries reached 2.2 %, and the total output volumes returned to
the levels of 5 years ago, almost repeating the lows of the end of last year.
And only in the food and chemical industry, producing slightly more than 13 %
of the industrial output, the output in July 2016 exceeded the pre-crisis
level. In metallurgy, production of vehicles, electrical equipment and building
materials, output decline is 14 – 17.5 %, and in other manufactures (including
furniture industry) – 25.7 %” [7]. This is an indication that today the main
factor of development is not production and rational use of them.
Simultaneously with the process of
de-industrialization in Russia, there is an increase in the share of services,
trade, and financial institutions. This process is typical for the
post-industrial stage of the development of society. The evaluation of
postindustrial trends makes it possible to identify the most advantageous
factors of the economic development of the regions. These factors include: the
level of development of social and leisure infrastructure, the level of
professional qualifications of people; Information and management technologies.
The administration of many regions in the process of
carrying out its activities, which is aimed at the economic development of the
region, begins to master completely new management technologies:
1) Instruments of regional industrial policy, which
include a wide range of methods for attracting investments;
2) Methods of strategic planning for the development
of the region;
3) Methods of regional marketing and methods of “promotion”
of regions and cities;
4) Application of best practices of other regions and
cities.
On the basis of all this, it can be argued that the
economic well-being of Russia's regions is based not only on the initial
advantages, such as geographical position, the presence of a large number of
natural resources, but also the qualitative management of their socio-economic
development.
For effective development of regions, it is necessary
to use all modern methods of regional management: strategic planning, regional
marketing, etc. Today the main factor of success in effective management of
regional development is the level of qualification of the staff of the regional
administration, as well as effective use of the intellectual potential of
regional development consultants.
The planning strategy of the region is a set of
techniques that enable us to determine the main development goals, analyze the
entire development potential of the region, which contains various advantages
(features of the region that distinguish it from others). On the basis of all
this, a development concept and a plan of concrete actions are developed, which
is further analyzed for efficiency and effectiveness. The cyclic algorithm for
strategic planning of the development of the region is presented in accordance
with Figure 1.
Figure 1 – The cyclic algorithm for strategic
planning of the development of the region
To date, the strategic planning of the regions is
presented in the form of a large number of state programs for the development
of the subjects of the Russian Federation. These programs are aimed at
overcoming the crisis, improving the well-being of residents, developing
education, creating new jobs, updating the entire structure of production,
developing the existing ones. For example, the state programs of the Stavropol
Territory for 2016 – 2021. Include such areas as: the development of
agriculture, the development of the sphere of labor and employment, the
development of education, the development of culture and the tourist and
recreational complex of the region, the development of health care, and the
social protection of citizens.
Regional marketing is one of the most successful
concepts of modern management. Most of the methods of marketing today are
actively developing and being developed in the framework of regional marketing,
which is carried out by state bodies of regional management. Under the notion
of “regional marketing” is a system of bringing to the region absolutely new economic
agents that contribute to the prosperity of the region as a whole. Regional
marketing of the region can be carried out in the form of marketing of land,
housing, areas of economic development, investment, tourism marketing, etc. [8,
p. 169]. One of the main goals of regional marketing is to communicate
information about the region as a place for an efficient and prosperous
business. All this is carried out by the regional chambers of commerce and
industry of the regions, their tourism ministries, various organizations, etc.
In the role of one of the tools of regional management
can be the strategy of branding the territory. Territorial branding is a
strategy to increase the competitiveness of cities, regions, states, in order
to conquer foreign markets, attract investors, tourists, new residents, skilled
migrants, through the formation of a favorable image [9, p. 234]. The object of
branding is a specific territory – a city or rural municipality, region,
country. The formation of a favorable image of the region today is simply
necessary, because it can serve as a lever for attracting “lost” investors, as
a result of imposing economic sanctions against Russia. Touching upon the
branding problem of the territory, it should also be noted that it can play a
key role in economic development, both in individual subjects of the Russian
Federation and throughout the country, by increasing the inflow of foreign
investments into various spheres of the economy. These investments are able to
solve the problem of not mastering the vast expanses of our country, since
solving this problem purely by our efforts will take quite a lot of time and
money, which also need to be spent on other areas.
Thus, the economic development of the regions is a
complex process, with its shortcomings, which is a complex system of various
activities, the goal of which is the implementation of long-term objectives of
the socio-economic development of the subjects of the state and it’s overall.
All this suggests that the process of solving the problems of the economic
development of the regions should be carried out taking into account the
rational contribution of the forces of the state and the regions themselves,
directly. In order to solve this problem, it is necessary to conduct effective diagnostics
of the current level of development of the region for making the necessary
corrective management decisions in the strategy of its development.
References
1. Morozova, T. (2015) Gosudarstvennoye regulirovaniye
ekonomiki i sotsial'nyy kompleks [State regulation of the economy and the
social complex]. Moskva: Yuniti. 287 p.
2. Aron, R. (1956)
Le développement de la
société industrielle et la stratification sociale. Paris, Centre de Documentation
universitaire, 1956.
239 p.
3. Bell, D. (1973) The coming of
post-industrial society: A venture of social forecasting. New York: Basic
Book. 507 p.
4. Rostow, W. (1962)
The process of economic growth. New York: Norton & Company. 285 p.
5. Toffler, A. (1991) The
Third Wave: The Classic Study of Tomorrow. New York: Bantam Books. 780 p.
6. Vizgalov, D. (2010)
Marketing goroda [Marketing of the city]. – M.: Fond «Institut ekonomiki
goroda», 2010. 110 p.
7. The Higher School of Economics predicted the
de-industrialization of Russia. Retrieved from: http: //www.finanz.ru/novosti/aktsii/vshe-predskazala-deindustrializaciyu-rossii-
(reference date 10.03.2017)
8. Sachuk, T. (2009) Territorial'nyy marketing [Territorial
marketing]. St. Petersburg: Piter. 368 p.
9. Pankrukhin, A. (2010) Marketing territoriy [Territorial Marketing]. St.
Petersburg: Piter. 416 p.