Филологические науки / 6. Актуальные проблемы перевода
K.f.n., Tunnikova V. A.
Lotareva
K. M.
Rostov
State University of Economics,
Russia
BORROWINGS OF THE
ENGLISH TERMINOLOGY IN MANAGEMENT
Key
words and phrases: term; terminology; terminological system; international language; management.
Borrowings from the English language are becoming more
numerous, and since the process is accompanied by our following American
standards and cultural norms, it may really threaten our mother tongue. This
article deals with some verbal borrowing in economics and management.
It
will not be an exaggeration to say that English is the most important language
in the world. Half a century ago English was just one of the international
languages, accepted in the world. As the time passed, the role of English in
the society has significantly increased. One billion people speak English today. That's about 20 % of the world's
population. 400 million people speak English as their first language. For the
other 600 million people it's either a second language or a foreign language [4].
English is the language of politics and diplomacy,
science and technology, business and trade, sport and pop music. 80 % of all
information in the world's computers is in English. 75 % of the world's letters
and faxes are in English. 60 % of all international telephone calls are made in
English. More than 60 % of all scientific journals are written in English.
English has become an international language due to its significance in many
areas, such as industry, business, finance, agriculture, management, etc [3].
The
urgency of the problem due to the fact that the increasing use of English
borrowings, followed by "import" of American culture and lifestyle,
can pose a threat to the existence of the Russian language in the form in which
it exists the past two centuries.
Research
purpose is the complex research of structure of terminology of management in
system of modern English.
The
object of research is language units and terminology management.
In order to achieve the aim and to do the tasks we
have studied the articles in the magazines, read the necessary material from
the Internet and literature.
Scope management is one of those areas of knowledge in
which such detailed studies are surprisingly scarce, despite the popularity of
terminology management. Currently, management as a science and practical
activities is a structured and very complex system of knowledge, actively
interacting with different related branches of human knowledge such as
Economics, business, Finance, banking, marketing etc.
Over time it became clear that special place in
lexicology is a borrowed terminology. In a world of rapidly changing concepts
and developing terminology borrowed terminology begins to play a leading role.
The English-language terminology management is a set
of lexical units, which is designed to maximize coverage of the
structural-logical network of concepts of management. Currently, this area of
human activity is considered to be fully formed, resulting in terms of
management in the amount to form a term system with gradually and continuously
updated terminology, which, of course, requires a detailed linguistic analysis.
All terms of the scope of management can be divided
into groups of simple and complex terms and acronyms. Examples of the first
group can serve as the terms: audit, accounting, company, client, manager,
organization, goodwill, agent, administrator, broker, company, contract, controller, credit, outsourcing,
default, investor, freelancer, etc.
Among
complex terms of the scope of management there are, for example, various
combinations of acronyms and abbreviations (sometimes plus words): HR-Manager,
HR-technologies, collective IQ, EBIT margin.
Not
less important part of terminology management are abbreviation – abbreviated versions of multicomponent terms.
Abbreviation due to the tendency to economy language means, and that
multicomponent terminological units due to their bulkiness are limited in use,
and structural truncation of these units allows to avoid certain restrictions
on their use, in particular oral professional communication. A significant part
abbreviating terms in the studied area are letter and initial sound of the
abbreviation, acronyms, for example, PERT – Project Evaluation and Review
Technique, B2B – business to business, B2C – business to customer, C2B –
customer to business, С2С – customer to сustomer.
For
management is characteristic of fairly extensive use of abbreviations, and in
General, the number of items in reduced managerial terms is dominated by the
three-component structure, for example, MBA – Master of business administration
HRM – Human Resource Management, CEO – Chief Executive Officer, etc.
The important role English plays in the security of
commercial transactions, which in turn contributes to the development of
banking and financial English.
Learning financial English is divided into the whole
layers and themes in the field of Economics. For example, is the structure and
management of banking activities, financial markets, financial instruments,
risk management, trade, securities, audit, legal support of economic activities
and many others.
If you take the area of investment, even the first
stock exchange appeared in an English-speaking country – London, UK, 1773.
Dictionary stock of words, which is used by investors and speculators around
the world purely English. Even in Russia, speculators have he cannot change,
such English words as "profit", "loss", "equity",
"balance", "margin call" and are pronounced and used in
everyday life in the primary form. In many cases, such words simply do not have
analogues in other languages.
The word "banker" with the advent of
commercial banks gradually acquired the value of the owner of funds, but can be
used to refer to persons by occupation - managers of banks [1].
One of the linguistic factors that lead to borrowing
is the use of a foreign language a simple term is a complex narrative of turnover,
for example: distributor - broker placing securities, the acceptance - approval
of a transaction, an insider is a person having owing to official position
confidential information.
Note another area, the development and diffusion of
which could not be without the English language. It's marketing. The English word
"marketing" was passed into Russian language. Currently, the word
"marketing" is not used as by large capitalist companies, the system
of measures for market research, and how the organization of production and
sales based on analysis of market needs in the product. Marketing and
advertising go side by side with the English language. Promotion of goods and
services from producers to consumers is simply unthinkable without the English
language. After all, just a huge amount of potential paying customers live in
developed country. And this is in the majority of European countries, USA, UK,
Canada, Australia [2].
Borrowed
terms form a significant body of economic terminology and remain virtually
unchanged in its form. Borrowed are the terms in the receiving language culture
by transcription and other kinds of translation: inflation, investment, percent,
capital, economics, deflator, management, marketing, product, brand, rebranding,
commerce, controlling, OPEC, etc.
Thus,
the terminological system of management of the English language is developing
rapidly, which can be proved by appearance of a large number of new vocabulary.
Despite
the justifiable reasons of borrowings in contemporary Russian terminology,
there is a large number of borrowings, which are not necessary due to the fact
that the existing concepts already expressed the Russian term, resulting in
synonymy. For example, a synonym for mediation advocates borrow the mediator;
checking – audit; the stockbroker – dealer.
Thanks
to the English borrowings the terms that adequately reflect the new system of
relations and concepts emerging in the last decade appeared and are widely used
in the Russian language. Summarizing it can be noted that the English language
undoubtedly had a great influence on the formation of economic terminological
system and, in all likelihood, will continue to provide it in the future.
1. Mankiw N. Gregory. Macroeconomics. – 6th edition. – U.S.:
Harvard University Worth Publishers, 2006. – 608 p.
2. Peters T. Re-imagine! Business Excellence in a Disruptive
Age. – London
DK Publishing, 2003. – 355 p.
3. Polyakov S. G. “Business
English in the modern socio-economic environment” // The Bryansk State
University Herald. 2009. No. 3, 15 – 19 p.
4. Zernova I. R. “The role
of foreign languages in modern logistics” // Humanitarian, socio-economic and
social Sciences. 2015. No. 3-2, 226 – 228 p.