Abykanova A. B.
Master of 2 courses of department of ecology and
finance
Law faculty, Al-Farabi Kazakh National
University
Dzhangabulova A.
K.
Candidate of Law
Sciences, acting associate professor
Questions of legal regulation of the public relations arising
in usage time of the alternative and renewed power
Sustainable development of society
depends on production of widely used goods. Production of these goods creates
conditions for ensuring material and social demands of the people.
By achievement of such sustainable
development use alternative or renewables is as windy
energy, solar energy or water energy.
Energy - one of questions at issue of
world economy. Recently, sources of alternative energy were discussed at world
level, and also is globally useful. In comparison with production of oil and
other funds leading to division of huge volume of dangerous gases in the
atmosphere, use of alternative energy sources don't change a power condition of
the planet. These qualities are a basis of formation of the optimistic forecast
of the next decade and prosperity abroad of sources of renewable energy.
Kazakhstan for preservation of this future has brought up a question of
transition to alternative types of energy, propagandize development of sources
of useful alternative energy for mankind, offer new technologies of this
direction in the country [1].
Using an infinite stock of renewable
energy, Kazakhstan not only steadily develops, without being limited to
production of the precious electric power which is expensive goods of
consumption also opens the steady and competent jobs in the sphere of
construction, electrical equipment, mechanical engineering industry and power.
With richness of Kazakhstan on sources
of fund of energy, he has a huge potential on production of sources of
renewable and alternative energy.
During general production of renewable
energy for reasonable price, there will be such advantage as steady sale at the
cheap price of this type of energy, positive influence on economic-social development
of the country, opening of new jobs on production, preservation of purity of
the environment and leaving of sources of renewable energy to future
generation.
Also, Kazakhstan opens the road to production of goods of great demand in
types the international and labor spheres of power production.
Not only it is useful minerals provide the international competitiveness of
Kazakhstan, also sources of inexhaustible energy. If to consider examination of
professor of Harvard University Michael Potter, on the basis of the
international competitiveness lies:
1. conditions
2. market
3. communication of ancillary industries
4. strategy and structure of achievement of steady competition.
If to consider examination of the scientist, in Kazakhstan there are all
opportunities of preparation of the world project of green economy since a
stage of scientific design to a stage of practical work and construction and
introduction to applications.
"As the President N. Nazarbayev has noted in Strategy " Kazakhstan – 2050", Remaining the
large player in the market of hydrocarbonic raw materials, we have to develop
production of alternative types of energy, actively introduce the technologies
using energy of the sun and wind. For this purpose we have all opportunities. By
2050 in the country not less than a half of all cumulative energy consumption
has to fall on alternative and renewable types of energy. Transition of the
country on "green" pass has to let powerful inspiration on the which
is coming in Astana EXPO – 2017.
Among him legal regulation of the public relations arising when using
alternative and renewable power engineering occupies an important role. Here
therefore with undertakings of UNESCO and support of the countries of members
of the United Nations (UN) and the interested organizations, since 90 years
have been taken in hand of a measure for realization of the ideas of use new types of energy.
Alternative power engineering is an obtaining energy not through
traditional fossil sources (coal, oil, gas), and from the sun, through use of
different temperature from geothermics sources, etc. To him also the mixed
power sources enter. In certain cases, if add nuclear power to alternative
power engineering, in the second case don't include. In comparison with traditional
power, to sources of alternative power engineering peculiar ecological
containment [2].
For today's time the public relations
arising when using alternative and renewable power engineering are regulated
only within water and windy power. However, it doesn't mean that, development
of this alternative and renewable power engineering is limited to it.
The concept of transition of the
Republic of Kazakhstan to "green economy" through increase in living
conditions and welfare of the people of Kazakhstan, entry into number 30 of the
developed countries of the world reduces wear of natural resources and load of
the environment, for transition to economy of a new form bases for systematic
updates are created.
In transition to "green
economy" we are faced by the following main main tasks:
1) use of resources (water, wind,
biological and others) and increase in efficiency of their management;
2) updating of infrastructure, structure
of new;
3) in a profitable way of mitigation of
pressure upon the environment improvement of quality of the environment and
welfare of the people;
4) increase in national security, among
them there is an increase in water safety.
By calculations by 2050 updates within "green economy" will raise
in addition general internal production for 3 percent, an opportunity to
establishment over 500 thousand new jobs, to formation of new branches of
rendering services and the industry, providing standards of high-quality
accommodation for the people. Social advantages of fast transition to alternative a power source, this increase in demand for this
energy in cases of limited depletion of sources of traditional energy, sharp
increase in a sichlennost and population density.
For this time it is created necessary to our country standardly – legal
base in the sphere of power: laws are adopted, besides, 12 resolutions of the
government of RK, 4 orders of the Ministry of the industry and new technologies
(MINT) are approved, the Comprehensive plan of increase in energy efficiency of
the Republic of Kazakhstan for 2012 - 2015 realizuyutsya. On the scale of a
comprehensive plan comprehensive plans in areas, in the cities of Astana and
Almaty, branch public authorities have been prepared and approved (The Ministry
of Transport and Communications (MTC), in the
Agency of the Republic of Kazakhstan for construction and housing and communal
services, the Ministry of Health (MH), the Ministry of Agriculture (MA), in the Ministry of Education and Science. Also, in the
industry works are continued on ensuring technical regulation of the industry.
Due to these the Concept on transition
to "Green economy" is implemented by three stages:
2013 – 2020 - at this stage efficiency
the nature of protective activity increases and there is a rationalization of
use of the main main resources of the state, "green" infrastructure
is created.
2020 – 2030 – on the created base of
"green" structure of an begin
rational use of water, the increased development of technologies of renewable
power, stimulation and further use, and also on the basis of high standards of
efficiency of energy begins renewal of national economy;
2030 - 2050 – transition to the
principle the "third industrial revolution" demanding the principles
of stability and renewal of natural resources of national economy.
Recently constructed subjects to use of
sources of renewable energy despite use term, and a step newly the updated
objects are connected to close points electro or heat of networks of the power
giving organizations suitable to parameters warmly to conveyors in the general
network of the equipment by heat or classes of a pressure [3].
Giving of electro energy to electro
networks of uniform system of electro power industry of the Republic of
Kazakhstan – a inclusion on a priority order electro
energy from subjects to use of sources of renewable energy during formation
of daily dispatching tables of consumption.
Connection of subjects to use of sources
of renewable energy requires expansion used electro and heat of networks of the
organizations giving energy and it is necessary to reconstruction,
realizing also including power the giving organizations in tariffs of the
organizations for an order specified in the legislation "About natural
monopolies and regulated markets" the Republic of Kazakhstan of due
expenses.
At the moment development of use of
sources of renewable energy in Kazakhstan at an initial stage. However,
considering the huge capacity of the state, investment in this the energy
sector every day everything potentially pleasantly and it is useful.
For creation and
adoption of any bill drawing up and adoption of the Concept is a basis.
However, the ideas, that is the directions and powers of the concept don't find
reflection in standards of the adopted Law. The situation is formed as a result
of different following factors; small term of drawing up and adoption of the
bill, procedure of obligatory coordination of a text of the bill by different public and not public authorities
and structures, changes of structure of the working group of the bill, etc.
It is necessary
to consider a legal mechanism of coordination of the provisions approved in the
Concept with the bill, with standards of this bill. Thus, the main idea of the
Concept of the bill "About Increase in Power Preservation and Power Equipment"
is drawing up effective system of stimulation of the power equipment, increase
in power preservation, however, during a release of the bill doesn't remain any
the main, main standard of provisions.
Today the
aspiration about stimulation of use of sources of the renewable energy
announced by Kazakhstan is considered as the declaration. However, important
branch – for regulation of the relations in the sphere of sale of the made
energy important discounts are considered, they are in the future made in the
future to interest investors in projects on use of sources of renewable energy.
For stimulation of development of sources of renewable energy, increase in
power preservation and power increase obviously to need of carrying out
legislative works. Offered tax and customs Sitka at implementation of these
projects it is necessary to approve legislatively.
For
development of sources of renewable energy and increase in an electro
effectiveness it is necessary to consider legal norm in concerning the following:
- special means of crediting (renewable
funds, credit amendments);
- financing of by third persons;
- tax discounts for investment activity;
- complex use of power certification;
- informing, programs and the companies
concerning education [4].
Today Kazakhstan is one of the main
directions of development of power industry and the solution of environmental
issues implementation of programs for preservation of energy resources and use
of sources of renewable energy.
In Kazakhstan the potential of resources
of renewable power (water power, wind power and light) is very important.
However, despite it, the percent of the alternative energy manufactured in
Kazakhstan makes only 0,4% of total amount.
For the territory of Kazakhstan only the
following types of sources of renewable energy are perspective: small
hydroelectric power stations, installation light for production electro and
heat of energy.
In the world one of dynamically
developing type of sources of renewable energy is the power of wind. From the
geographical and meteorological point of view Kazakhstan is the favorable state
for large-scale use of wind power.
State regulation in the sphere of use of
sources of renewable energy is implemented for reduction of influence on the
environment of sector of production electro and heat of energy and capacity of
energy of economy, for increase in sources of renewable energy in production
electro and heat of energy in the Republic of Kazakhstan is necessary using
sources of renewable energy, to create favorable conditions to production
electro and heat of energy.
In my opinion, creation of the
legislative base is the satisfying factor of development of alternative power
engineering in the Republic of Kazakhstan. Because, the legal basis of use of devices
of the independent producers of energy giving energy and determining the
addition price in networks to the organizations of energy is created.
References:
1. Germanovich V.,
Turilin A. Alternative energy sources. Practical designs on use of wind power,
the sun, water, the earth, biomass. M.: Science and technology, 2011.
2. L.S. Yudasin, "Power: problems
and hopes", M., "Education", 1990.
3. Zharkov S.V. How to
estimate efficiency of power supply//the Power engineering specialist. 2008.
No. 8. Page 4-9.
4. Andriyezhiyevsky A.A., Volodin V. I. Energy saving and power
management: manual. 2nd edition, Mn.: The higher school, 2005. 294 pages.