Право/13.Международное право

Saktaganova Indira Sovetovna,

Associate Professor, Department of Theory and History of State and Law, constitutional law, Candidate of Law

Eurasian National University of L.N. Gumilyov, Astana, Kazakhstan

Mandykaeva Almagul Ramazanovna,

Candidate of psychological sciences

Eurasian National University of L.N. Gumilyov, Astana, Kazakhstan

Saktaganova Alina Daniyarovna,

The 1^nd year student of the specialty political science of the Eurasian national university

Named after L.N. Gumilev, Astana, Kazakhstan

PROBLEM ASPECTS OF SOCIAL SECURITY

IN THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN

Social security of citizens is one of the most important conditions of protection of the rights and legitimate interests of citizens. At us in the country the important role is given to social protection of the population with participation of representatives on that bodies, for example, it is possible to note Ministry of health and social development of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Literally last year was remembered to us by reforms of pension system. Social security of citizens is one of the most important economic human rights. Also the right for social security of citizens is affirmed in article 28 of the Constitution of the Republic of Kazakhstan where it is told: "To the citizen of the Republic of Kazakhstan the minimum size of a salary and pension, social security on age, in case of an illness is guaranteed, to disability, losses of the supporter and on other legal basis"[1].

To socially vulnerable segments of the population the great opportunities for social security provided by the legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan open. Disabled people, participants of the Second World War, pensioners fall under these categories. Very important place is taken by social security of children. Now in Kazakhstan the following payments for the child's birth are provided to citizens:

– lump welfare payment in connection with the birth of the child (15 MRP);

– special welfare payment to the large families having four and more in common living minor children (including the children who are trained in the highest and average special educational institutions – after achievement of majority by them – until the termination of educational institutions (1,9 MRP) by them;

– the address social help to families with the average per capita income below the poverty line.

The state in return can give social help differently: monetary payments, help in the natural form, privileges and services. Functions of the state in the sphere of social services can be various, including political, economic, labor, social, demographic, rehabilitation. Social policy of the Republic of Kazakhstan will be improved every day. From the moment of transition of our state to a sustainable development the problem of social security becomes more and more actual. After all the domestic policy of the state depends on social policy of the state. Today we observe need of improvement of social security system in the Republic of Kazakhstan connected with transition of the state to a sustainable development. In annual Messages of the President to the people of Kazakhstan questions of social security for improvement of welfare of our citizens are constantly noted. And we understand that institutes of social security in the state can't develop without legislative basis and cash security. The state has to take in hand a prerogative of development of the sphere of social security, tracing system financing in connection with financial, legislative aspects.

Simple example is rendering the social help. Social protection is also meant as protection of the income and a salary, improvement of the distributive relations, etc. And even social protection of businessmen can be vulnerable. "Social protection" includes more extensive concept of how social security design definition of "social protection" in a broad sense and "social insurance", being economic categories. The concept of "social security" of narrow sense consists of all types of providing, not including social insurance.

Leaning on the above-named examples, we understand that social security in narrow sense is system of the distributive relations in the course of which at the expense of part of the national income public funds of money are formed and achievements of a retirement age, unemployment, poverty, etc., that is system of measures for direct material security of citizens within social protection are used for material security of citizens, on the occasion of an illness, industrial accidents. In broad sense social security characterizes system of social protection which through the state provides with resources on accommodation and service needing, showing aspiration to social equality and full social development.

The choice of social security system has to be carried out depending on the identity of economic development of the country and social circumstances arising at this stage of development. Important function of social security system is, certainly, providing socially available standard of living of the population. Structure of such system the following: the disabled are given social help; the able-bodied are given opportunity of social insurance, needing social support is given by social service. Function of redistribution of the income is important, for example, this income in social security is associated with the social help, carrying out "vertical redistribution of the income". One more structural direction which carries out function of "vertical redistribution", social service is. Research of system of social protection with application of theoretical knowledge, allowed us to prove that without existence of the financial mechanism there will be no perspective development of social security. Topical issue of the Ministry of Finance is improvement of the budgetary system and management of fiscal risks. And it is promoted carrying out the world anti-recessionary conference. For example in 2013 within the Astana economic forum anti-recessionary conference for the first time took place. Two days Nobel laureates, heads of the Central Banks, representatives of the WTO collectively thought how to resist to a global economic crisis and to find ways of prevention of its repetition in the future. The answer found only one – structural reforms are necessary for the world, and the developed countries more than ever need support of the developing. And for achievement of these purposes a lot of things still should be made, for example, improvement of infrastructure and human capital, and also need of bigger transparency of standard and legal base were noted by investors as the most important directions for reforms which will help to increase competitiveness of Kazakhstan[2].

Strengthening of institutes and realization of reforms in financial sector and other branches are also important. There are risks in the banking sector, initial introduction of system of the state planning focused on achievement of concrete results strengthened the requirement to management of the state resources. Also there was a need not only for information on lawful, effective and economical use of budgetary funds. The government is faced by a question of reduction of these expenses to those results and the purposes which were put in system of state planning in general and in concrete strategic plans of each government body separately.

In the circumstances there is a need of introduction of a certain institute which can give an assessment to the existing control system and its orientation to further effective development. In the international practice such role is carried out by the state audit. Thus it should be noted that the purpose of reform isn't eradication of the operating system of the state financial control. More likely, it is about harmonious embedding in the introduced system of the state audit.

The purpose of new edition of the Law on the state budget was improvement of mechanisms of bankruptcy in general – this task is designated by the Strategic development plan of the Republic of Kazakhstan till 2020. For this purpose it is required to exclude the gaps and collisions promoting commission of corruption offenses from the current legislation. Unfortunately, we sometimes face the similar problems widespread in the sphere of law.

The whole world seeks to pass to electronic document flow. Its undoubted advantage is reduction of time and paper. Kazakhstan as the state with promptly developing economy isn't an exception. Since July 1, 2014 according to provisions of the Tax code of the invoice it will be possible to write out on a voluntary basis in electronic form. Already in practice for introduction of electronic invoices work on modification and additions is carried out to regulations.

Now the Committee of Treasury started the pilot project of information system. Leaning on the above-named examples, we understand that the budgetary system, in narrow sense is system of the distributive relations in the course of which at the expense of part of the national income public funds of money are formed and achievements of a retirement age, unemployment, poverty, etc., that is system of measures for direct material security of citizens within social protection are used for material security of citizens, on the occasion of an illness, industrial accidents. In broad sense the budgetary system characterizes system of social protection which through the state provides with resources on accommodation and service needing, showing aspiration to social equality and full social development[3].

The choice of system of the budgetary providing has to be carried out depending on the identity of economic development of the country and social circumstances arising at this stage of development of any state. Important function of the budgetary system is, certainly, providing socially available standard of living of the population. Structure of such system the following: the disabled are given social help; the able-bodied are given opportunity of social insurance, needing social support is given by social service. Improvement of the budgetary legislation with application of theoretical knowledge, allowed us to prove that without existence of the financial mechanism there will be no perspective development of the budgetary system.

The list of using literatures:

1. The constitution of the Republic of Kazakhstan – Almaty: Zheti-Zhargy, 1995.

2. "Karzhy" - "Finance", release No. 5(4), Astana 2014 Pages 27-29

3. Melnikov V.D., Ilsov K.K. Finance – Almaty: Zan, 2011. – Page 456 – 481.