Martynov V. L., Candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor

Kremenchuk Mykhaylo Ostrogradsky National University, Ukraine

 

BUILDING ENERGY EFFICIENCY BY OPTIMIZING THEIR PARAMETERS

 

Abstract. A method of optimizing multiple parameters simultaneously energy efficient buildings (shape, aspect ratio, heat loss resistance building envelope, building azimuth, etc.) to improve energy efficiency.

Key words: energy efficient buildings, geometric modeling, optimization parameters, heat balance, walling, architectural engineering.

 

Introduction. Today the problem enerhoresursozberezhennya in construction requires a comprehensive solution. This is possible by optimizing the parameters of buildings that significantly affect energy consumption (for heating and hot water supply and other buildings). In developing the projects of new buildings is important to increase their energy efficiency, renewable clean energy sources (sun, earth, wind, etc..), Development of energy-efficient and energy efficient buildings. Energy efficiency of buildings is possible by optimizing the parameters (shape, proportions, the distribution of insulation, orientation of buildings, heliopryymachiv) and others.

In Figure 1  shows the geometrical parameters of the building that affect energy efficiency.

Analysis of previous studies. In addressing the issue of energy efficiency of buildings devoted to works [1-4], but they determined the optimal ratio of buildings in terms of minimizing heat loss through the building envelope for one parameter (proportions). In [5, 6] separately optymizuvalasya form of buildings and individual settings opaque insulation of building structures in terms of minimum thermal balance walling

Purpose. Develop a way of optimizing multiple geometric parameters sided energy efficient buildings at the same time to minimize the thermal balance of protecting structures from the atmosphere, increasing the energy efficiency of buildings.

Material and results of the study. The surface of the face of the building consists of separate facets. Curved surface is approximated by planes formed edge. For buildings offer a way of optimizing multiple geometric parameters simultaneously to reduce the thermal balance of walling. This is a mathematical model of heat balance of each edge of energy-efficient building that includes the proportions of the building (a, b, h, rb, ω, α), insulation parameters (resistance to heat Rsti) opaque structures (facets), the parameters of insulation (heat resistance  Rvi ) translucent structures, area light constructions settings arrangement of windows on the facades of the building (Avi, ωvi) azimuthal orientation of the building (Ab) targeting options heliopryymachiv (Aki, ωki) heliopryymachiv area (Ski) and others.

Square windows on the sides can be found by the formula:

                                                             f(Spid Npov F г),                                                                                    (1)

                where Spid = f (a, b, rb, α) - floor area floor, which vary depending on the proportions of the building; Npov-number of floors of the building; F-value area of ​​windows to floor area (from 0.2 to 0.125) rea - rate windows of the house walls (from 0 to 1).

Mathematical model of heat balance of the building faces may submit a nonlinear function of several variables

The target function

+

                                                         ––   .                                                          (2)

Heat balance of walling face of the building while minimized by the following formula:

system constraints

 

  ;                                                                        (3)

                                                                       .                                                                                   (4)

Heat balance of walling face of the building while minimized by the following formula:

                                                          ,                                                          (5)

but limited options resistance heat insulation:

                                                 ,       .                                                              (6)

Depending on the type of optimization parameters specified limit, where - the notional and actual outdoor temperature; ri - albedo surface faces - energy light air short-radiation;       àáî

 

Figure 1 - Parameters affecting the efficiency

 

by optimizing the orientation of the building - the building azimuth, and - the angle between the orientation of the building and faces - of korotkohvylvoyi solar radiation received at heliopryymach - heat transfer coefficient between the outer surface of enclosure and the outside air - square opaque edge walling - resistance heat opaque building envelope, 183 - number of days heating period - resistance heat translucent walling - the number of degree-day heating season - coefficient taking into account shading window opening opaque elements - the coefficient of relative penetration of solar radiation for translucent structures; Ki - factor actual cloud conditions that affect the incoming solar radiation.

Solving this problem is to optimize a nonlinear function using the computer for several variables (the method of Hook-Dzhyvisa).

As a result of research in optimizing the proportions of the building as a rectangular parallelepiped (variables proportions (a, b, h)) the effect of reducing heat loss was 5.68%. When optimizing redistribution insulation (insulation resistance variables Rst1 heat, Rst2, Rst3, Rst4, Rdah5, Rpid6) - heat loss decreased by 11.23%. When optimizing redistribution insulation (insulation resistance variables Rst1 heat, Rst2, Rst3, Rst4, Rdah5, Rpid6) and optimization of building aspect ratio (ratio variables (a, b, h,)) reduce heat loss was 12.31%.

Conclusions. To resolve this issue enerhoresursozberezhennya proposed method of optimization of several parameters of energy efficient buildings (proportions and distribution of insulation, building orientation, etc..) To minimize heat balance walling with the atmosphere, which increases the efficiency of the building. For the home in Kiev by optimizing the proportions and distribution of insulation heat loss through the building envelope decreased by 12.31%. This method should be used in complex problem solving enerhoresursozberezhennya.

 

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