Laura Zhunissova
International
University of Information Technology, Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan, master.
"Analysis of the methods of
payment systems in E-commerce"
Abstract
This paper proposes
a review and systematization of modern payment systems and a comparative
analysis of the degree of use and identifies the most effective types of
payment systems in e-commerce.
Keywords: payment systems, e-money, e-commerce, methodology, evaluation, mobile
payment systems.
Nowadays Internet-commerce has become an integral part of business in
the sphere of information technologies. The systems of electronic payments-
information network systems destined for mutual settlements performance through
Internet networks between sellers and customer of goods and services play
essential role in Internet-commerce systems. Electronic money allows wide range
of various payments. Whereas payment system roughly develops in the developed
countries and is widely used among customers and sellers, so problems of multi-functionality
and network safety in the systems of electronic payment are actual.
Consequently, relevant problem in development and research methods for the
organization correlate on the multipurpose system of electronic payment.
The main instrument of this direction is to conduct
research in order to identify the most important requirements of modern payment systems,
based on the experience of existing systems. Be sure to highlight the basic
requirements, which today must meet the electronic money as a new way of payment:
- Convenience. Electronic money must be easy to use
both in obtaining and in spending. Easy to use electronic money will contribute
to their mass.
- Safety. Protocols of the transaction should ensure
a high level of security through the use of encryption technology.
- Universality. Electronic money must be well known
and adopted in the general commercial zone.
- Off-line compatibility. The exchange between the
two sides of the electronic money should be capable of working in the mode of
delayed access.
- Portability. The use of electronic money should
not depend on the physical location of their holders. Electronic money has to
move not only in computer networks, but also of the logical devices to physical
devices.
- Durability. Electronic money should not have
expiration date. They must maintain their purchasing power constant and to be
protected from impairment or destruction.
- Liquidity. Electronic money must
be converted to cash or deposit money, and denominated in any new monetary
units. In this case, it is desirable to set the exchange rate fixed.
The relatively low degree of compliance of electronic money of inferior
quality is one of the main obstacles to their widespread implementation and
user confidence.
Depending on the technical device used to store
cash value of electronic money can be divided as follows:
• systems based on smart card (Card-Based
Systems);
• systems based on the software / network
products (Software / Network-Based Systems);
• Systems using remote access servers
(Server-Based Systems).
Systems based on the smart card is used as a
technical device storing electronic money - the microchip embedded in a plastic
card. On the microchip contains information about the monetary value. A typical
example of systems based on smart cards are electronic wallets (e-purses).
Special software system based on software
networking products are used as devices for storing and transferring electronic
money on communications networks. Currently, electronic money based on the
software network products develop much slower in contrast to electronic money
based on smart cards. In this area of
their use and the payment functions provided are very limited. Examples of systems based on
software networking products are electronic wallets (e-wallets), or digital
cash (digital cash).
Systems using remote access servers used as
storage of electronic money virtual wallets (v-wallets), stored on the server
of the issuer, which is available by entering a personal code remotely. In such
systems, the holder of electronic money transfer for value required to get
remote access to the server, and only then with the help of software and
hardware can be the issuer of electronic money transfer for communication
networks.
I would like to highlight another area of
e-commerce - mobile payment systems.
Mobile
payments (m-payments) - involve making payment via mobile phone using the funds
deposited in the accounts of prepaid mobile operator. Mobile payments are made
without the use of bank accounts and are available to subscribers by not having
your own bank account. To realize the potential of such systems is necessary to
keep available infrastructure packet data technology based GPRS.
The outlook
for mobile banking Speedfacts Online
Research, in order to ascertain the views of users, conducted a survey of about 16,500 Internet
users, and
ask them:
"Why do you need a mobile phone?" About 2/3 of the
respondents said that they would like to use it for payments. Undoubtedly, some
of the target group of mobile payments will be the main area of mobile payment
procedures, such as the youth with high receptivity to new technologies. In 2007, the Ministry of Communications of the Russian Federation was decided to develop the concept of mobile
payments (m-payments) and create for them a single platform. Since the SIM-card
is issued under the laws of the Russian Federation on a specific person, it,
according to experts, is enough to identify an individual payer. With the new
payment platform can be done not only banking operations, but also to pay for
travel on the subway, bus, car parking, make a purchase in supermarkets,
vending machines, etc. It will be enough to make a cell phone to the turnstile
or machine. To make payments on technologies SMS and USSD do not need
additional equipment.
Thus comparing the existing payment
systems in the world, it should be noted that nowadays the electronic money and electronic payment
systems is a fast growing market both technically and technologically, but the
issue of versatility and safety remains a major problem of our reality.
Reported in the paper using mobile payments, positively characterize the
initial conditions and the possibility of using mobile payments. Consequently,
the appropriate solution is a more holistic approach - the development of an
integrated model of universal mobile payment system based on an abstract layer
and using new technologies.
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