Economic sciences / 12. Rural economics

Senior teacher of Dmitriyeva V. R.

Kostanaysky State University of a name of A. Baytursynov, Kazakhstan

THE ECONOMIC MECHANISM OF STIMULATION OF INVESTMENT PROJECTS IN AGRARIAN AND INDUSTRIAL COMPLEX

Proceeding from feature of development of the modern world, in connection with deficiency of the food and rise in prices for food, before our republic there was a problem of increase of competitiveness of agro-industrial complex for expansion of an export potential of the country. Now the government of Kazakhstan actively enables the realization of regional investment projects of the agro-industrial sector focused on creation of export production.

Now the general factors which are negatively influencing growth of export of the country on a level of production and advance of export production, are: outdated production technologies of the majority of types of finished goods which demand big capital expenditure; preservation of monopoly for production of separate types of production and services allows the enterprises - to producers to dictate the prices and to realize production in domestic market at reduced prices; impossibility of investment in perspective export-oriented projects at the expense of internal resources of the enterprises of manufacturing industry, including agriculture at which the financial position is lower than an average; absence in the republic of the adjusted system of the organization of packaging production, and as the weak organization of market researches and advertizing work; financial abuse of officials of the relevant departments because of difficult system of registration of customs and foreign trade documents, etc.

The mechanism of stimulation of increase of a susceptibility to scientific and technical innovations will be effective only in case thanks to its realization there is possible an achievement of a main goal of any businessman - receiving the maximum profit. It is possible to reach it only in a case when the state via indirect instruments of regulation will be able to put the size of the income left at the disposal of the enterprises in dependence on the sizes of the funds allocated for development or introduction of innovative technologies, when providing with the state of the current welfare of the enterprise in exchange on its innovative initiative. All this is reached at the expense of tax privileges. Now in world practice two types of tax discounts are used: tax discount of the volume principle and tax discount of the incremental principle. The volume principle assumes an exception of taxable profit of a share of expenses of the current year on innovative development. In this case at a discount of 30%, the enterprise will have an opportunity to subtract from total amount of the taxable income 30 tenges from each 100 tenges spent for innovative development. In a number of the countries the similar discount reaches 100-120%.

Stimulating factor of investment activity, besides tax privileges the principle of the accelerated depreciation gained distribution in technologically developed countries and in our republic. This approach allows to reduce taxable profit, to increase internal accumulation, strengthening financial stability of the enterprise, reducing the risk connected with commissioning of new equipment. By calculations of experts thanks to application of a method of the accelerated depreciation the net discounted income from implementation of the innovative project can increase by 5%-6%. As shows world experiment, restructuring of economy is impossible without carrying out the purposeful state scientific and technical, industrial and investment policy stimulating development of hi-tech and knowledge-intensive productions. For further development of agrarian and industrial complex of action of the government will be focused on the solution of two key tasks which most are particularly acute today for Kazakhstan. First, relevance of ensuring food security in the conditions of global financial crisis especially amplifies. Secondly - development of export-oriented productions and export diversification where the main attention is concentrated on implementation of investment projects on development of an export potential which include deep processing of grain and fruit and vegetable production; financing of construction of large-scale dairy and commodity farms; construction of poultry farms of the meat direction; organization of a network of hothouse farms and financing of construction of vegetable storehouses.

Industrialization - one of important factors of high-quality development of our country in the modern world. In Kazakhstan it was realized in 2010 of 65 regional investment projects of the agro-industrial sector focused on creation of export production, for the sum of 10,2 million tenges, 1071 workplaces are created. In 2011 101 objects for the sum of 37,1 million tenges are put into operation and 3993 workplaces are created. In the 2012th - 76 projects on 111,3 million tenge, and are 6479 more workplaces. In total under government control now there are 177 projects for total amount 148,4 million tenge. The vast majority - 87,1% of all projects is directed on import substitution and saturation of domestic market by agricultural products and products of its processing, on development of an export potential of made production - 4,6 percent, on development of nonagricultural business in rural areas - 8,3 percent of projects [1, page 54].

The important role in stimulation of internal production is occupied by the state subsidizing. The government of RK annually allocates the considerable volume of means which go for stimulation of cultivation of priority cultures by subsidizing of cost of inventory items. As a whole according to this program it is allocated 16418 million tenges. Also from this year the new budgetary program for reduction in cost to 50 percent of cost of mineral fertilizers acquired by agricultural producers who received 3581,7 million tenges is entered. For support of development of seed farming from the republican budget in 2012 1911,1 million tenges are allocated. Besides, within the anti-recessionary program the government of RK credits subjects of agrarian and industrial complex, including on carrying out spring and field and harvest works. The general planned financing of spring and field works in 2014 is supposed in a size of 103 million tenges.

For development of new technology and withdrawal from a raw orientation of economy the state carried out tax privileges to a domestic production and domestic science. The research works promoting development of the Kazakhstan production [2, page 77] are exempted from the VAT. Is provided to exempt completely from KPN of the taxpayers creating new productions, necessary for the country. These measures allow to increase competitiveness of a domestic production, to carry out production diversification, to form new industrial clusters.

One of the main directions of attraction of investments into new knowledge-intensive and hi-tech productions is stimulation of updating of the outdated fixed assets provided by the legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan on the state support of investments. Stimulation of updating of fixed assets is made by providing investment tax preferences in the form of the right for additional deductions from a cumulative revenue of taxpayers, and also their release from property tax payment on again entered fixed assets and a land tax on the sites acquired and used for implementation of the specific investment or innovative project.

Introduction in action of the new Tax Code considerably lowered rates on KPN: to 20% in 2011, 17,5% in 2012 and to 15% in 2013. For stimulation of effective use of the agricultural areas the ascending scale of rates of a uniform land tax from 0,1 to 0,5% depending on the area of the land plots is entered. Other modes for producers of agricultural production are thus kept: reduction of taxes by 70% for legal entities - agricultural producers, reduction by 70% of the VAT for processors of agricultural products [3, page 68].

Thus, measures undertaken by the government of Kazakhstan allow to create necessary conditions for development of effective competitive agro-industrial production, expansion of export opportunities and increase of a standard of living and welfare of country people. Growth of agricultural production will be provided by increase in outputs and sales in the internal and external markets of competitive production.

References:

1 . Kozhamkulov Zh.// Modern times for agrarian and industrial complex, No. 351 (16737), of 14.06.2012, Astana.

2 . Tax privileges in a domestic production and domestic science//Economy and the right of Kazakhstan, 2013, No. 15, page 7-8.

3 . Methodical grant on an explanation of basic provisions of the Message of the President of RK N. A. Nazarbayev to the people of Kazakhstan «Through crisis to updating and development» of 06.03.2009, page 113.