Cand.Econ.Sci. Kenzhebekova D. S.

Kostanaysky state university of A.Baytursynov,

Kazakhstan

Kenzhebekova A.B.

Undergraduate of University of the International Business,

Kazakhstan

LEASING CLASSIFICATION IN KAZAKHSTAN

Leasing - a type of business activity which is directed on investment of temporarily free or raised financial funds when under the contract of financial rent (the leasing contract) one person undertakes to receive in property the property caused by the contract at the specific seller and to provide this property to other person for a payment in temporary use for the enterprise purposes.

Now there are various classifications of leasing. We will consider some of them.

1. In relation to rented property (or on service volume) leasing is subdivided on:

Pure (net leasing) when all expenses on service of property are assumed by the lessee. Thus the lessee translates to the lessor pure, or net, payments. Many services in the domestic leasing market of the equipment are pure.

Full, or as it still call "wet" leasing (wet leasing) (fig. 1) when the lessor assumes all expenses on property service. It is applied, as a rule, by manufacturers of the equipment. At cost full leasing one of the most expensive as at the lessor expenses on maintenance, maintenance by qualified personnel, repair, delivery of the necessary raw materials and components, etc. raise.

Partial (with a partial set of services) when some functions are assigned to the lessor on property service only.

2. As financing leasing is defined on:

Urgent when there is an one-time rent of property.

Renewable (revolving) at which ambassador of the termination of the first term the contract of leasing lasts for the next period. Thus objects of leasing depending on wear and at the request of the lessee change after a while on more perfect samples. The lessee assumes all expenses on equipment replacement. The amount of objects of leasing and terms of their use on renewable leasing the parties don't make a reservation in advance.

Figure 1. Scheme of full leasing

Kind of renewable leasing is general leasing which gives the chance to the lessee to continue the list of the rented equipment without the conclusion of new contracts. It is very significant for the enterprises with a continuous production cycle and at rigid contract cooperation with partners.

3. As property note:

Leasing of a personal estate (the equipment, equipment, cars, vessels, planes and so forth), including new and former in use.

Real estate leasing (buildings, constructions).

4. On degree of payback of property leasing shares on:

Leasing with full payback (or close to full) when during period of validity of the leasing agreement there is full or close to full a depreciation of property and, so payment to the lessor of cost of property.

Leasing with incomplete payback at which during period of validity of one leasing agreement there is a partial depreciation of property and pays off only part it.

5. According to market sector where leasing operations are performed, distinguish:

Internal leasing when all participants of operation represent one country.

External (international) leasing - transactions in which at least one of the parties belongs to other country belong to it. To the same type of leasing carry also the transactions which are carried out by the lessor and the lessee of one country if at least one of the parties conducts the work and has the capital together with foreign firm.

External leasing, in turn, shares on import when the foreign party is the lessor, and export when the lessee treats the foreign party.

6. In relation to tax, depreciation privileges note leasing:

- With application of tax benefits of property, profit, the VAT, various collecting, the accelerated depreciation, etc. Such type of leasing was widely used by English and American firms in the 80th years in the external economic sphere.

- Without application of privileges.

Leasing is a financial and credit tool a representing great interest in modern practice as for production expansion, and the investment sphere of national economy.

Literature:

1 Leasing to Kazakhstane:opyt, problems, prospects. Collection of articles and reports. A.S.Smagulov. – Astana, 2008. – 238 pages.

2 World experience of the state support of the leasing relations/T. Issyk. - Finance and credits. No. 7 July, 2009 of p. 33-35.

3 Adam's N. A. "Leasing: legal essence, economic bases" – SPb. : Fallow deer, 2006. – 416 pages.