Kovalyonok A.V.
A.Baitursynov Kostanay
State University, Kazakhstan
STRUCTURAL DIVERSIFICATION OF THE NATIONAL ECONOMY OF KAZAKHSTAN AS A
PREREQUISITE FOR ECONOMIC GROWTH.
Restructuring of
Kazakhstan's economy, last decade is directly purposed, to the overcoming imbalances,
formed in the previous period. In virtue of
their scale, such problem can’t
be solved without the participation of the state, because it is a subject which influences on the structure of
the national economy in general , guided by national interests. Achieving this
goal, requires a long-term program of reforms in this area. In turn, its
implementation involves not only monetary and financial , but also structural
policy , which should become dominant, among other policies with the release of
the relevant priorities in budget expenditures .
World practice
has accumulated rich experience of structural diversification of the national
economy, which allows you to select appropriate ways and methods of
implementation in Kazakhstan . First of all it is necessary to create
conditions for the deployment of active private activity equally to all business
units. And in this regard, still remains relevant not only the problem of
stability of a favorable investment climate , but also finding the optimal
limits of intervention and supporting the economy by the state, creating a
competitive “environment” , what impossible without becoming globally
competitive economy , strengthening of
the market infrastructure , first
of all aimed at strengthening of property rights and compliance with contractual obligations , the
conditions for its successful use in practice.
However, under
the need for fundamental changes in the structure of the economy, the
differentiated approach of the state to the creating more favorable conditions
for the rapid development of the most promising sectors and enterprises is
inevitable. In turn, it updates the state’s solving the extremely complex and challenging problem of its comprehensive economic justification.
When you highlight a priority destination on the way to economic growth, such
complexities arise as limited financial resources or pressure by importers.
Overcoming the
raw orientation of the Kazakh economy is impossible without changing the
existing abutments [1]. In the medium term, the mechanism stimulating effect on
the development of non-commodity production is
the improving tax and customs system , an effective system of export
support to small and medium businesses , agricultural production. Thus, the
stability of export earnings contribute -the introduction of a system of
insurance of export contracts for the supply of domestic product , the
formation of export credit guarantee system under long-term export contracts .
Over the past
10-15 years, small and medium business in Kazakhstan has become paramount
development thanks to the various state
programs for regulating and promoting the development of this business sector .
Therefore, small and medium business in the inherent strength of specific
properties, such as the possession of entrepreneurial initiative , innovation
potential , willingness to take risks , mobility in making and implementing
decisions , direct contact with the consumer and the other in the
diversification of the economy, can play an important role. The simplification
of tax accounting and reporting , the introduction of a simplified tax system
for medium-sized businesses small type , status , condition, price ,
simplification of procedures for registration of rights in the public
authorities , as well as property transactions used for business purposes are increases
the effect of private activity.
Diversification
of the economy includes improvement of agricultural production, in a difficult
situation. This is important because this branch includes the national food security of the country. Creating
favorable conditions for the development of market relations in the countryside
, on this basis, increasing the competitiveness of domestic agricultural
production , displacing its own import and export capacity building, are provide
its growth . The development of such relations is connected with the
development and implementation of land legislation , with the removal of
restrictions on vertical integration in the agricultural sector while strengthening
antitrust scrutiny, in order to prevent excessive market concentration and
suppression of small and medium businesses,
prevailing in the countryside.
Transformation of
agrarian relations in the market involves the formation of market institutions and
infrastructure , such as a stock exchange , a system of warehouse receipts ,
insurance risks in agricultural production and more. Improving agricultural tax
reduces the tax burden on agricultural producers. Formation of market relations
contributes are build the export capacity, which in turn requires the
elimination of administrative and market barriers in trade , the development of
certification of agricultural products to the international standards , the
completion of the accreditation of certification organizations abroad , improve
the regulatory mechanism for monitoring the safety and quality control of
products. All of this will reduce the transaction costs, which connected with
the export of agricultural products.
Formation in the
process of restructuring the national economy can only be achieved in the long
term by ensuring a high level of education, creation of an effective innovation system including a major
research centers and universities , by prioritizing the development of the information
sector etc.. Basics of an economy have already laid. And it is important, to
stimulate the activity of the state of venture capital financing [2].
Restructuring of
the economy of the Republic of Kazakhstan involves the creation of a developed
industrial infrastructure market sector as a major part of the national
economic structure, especially as its branches that were very poorly developed
in the previous period . Meanwhile, the infrastructure to reduce transaction
costs, increase the investment attractiveness of the economy to sustain its raw
orientation . For making infrastructure an attractive sphere of application of
private investment necessary to promote macroeconomic subject , in the
following areas :
- Strengthening of legislation in the sale, lease ,
mortgage of land, which will boost the market residential and commercial construction,
- Expansion of the sector of communications and
information technologies,
- Liberalization
of access to the market of telecommunication services,
- Acceleration of
the reform of natural monopolies, which will reduce tariffs on their products ,
will provide free access to products and services monopolists.
Diversification
of the economy as a large problem, requiring a huge long-term investment can be
carried out over a long period of time. Successful investment activities of
economic entities , aimed at creating a fundamentally different structure of
the economy, is possible in the presence of a number of favorable macroeconomic
conditions , among which include at least the following :
- Stability and a
balanced state budget, which is possible depending on the weakening of world
energy prices,
- Low inflation,
a stable exchange rate of tenge, which is a factor weakening the currency risk
for foreign institutional investors,
- Clear and
long-term tariff policy in the sphere of natural monopolies in the process of reform.
At the stage of
market transformation of Kazakhstan's economy the most urgent and difficult
problem is the accelerated diversification of the economy, aimed at creating a
balanced market criteria of the national economy, focused on the
post-industrial development .
In turn, this
implies overcoming structural and technological imbalance , increasing the
share of industries producing finished products in the form of investment and
consumer goods , outstripping growth of the service sector and industries of
the new economy , a massive shift to the latest technological structures ,
increasing the share of investment in GDP , and innovative component , active
development of small and medium businesses , removing agricultural production
on a high level, in its .
References:
1. Message from
the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Strategy "Kazakhstan -2050
"
2 . Krasnikova EV
" The Economics of Transition ", M: , 2009