Kovalyonok A.V.
A.Baitursynov Kostanay State University, Kazakhstan
TERMS AND ECONOMIC FACTORS
INTEGRATION OF KAZAKHSTAN IN THE WORLD ECONOMY
Global changes, of the recent years, in the world politics and economy
(especially in the region of the former USSR ) make need to analyze the welfare
of the state, through the prism of the current economy and its prospects. All
these - more important because the implementation of the policy of market
reforms in Kazakhstan, including in the field of foreign trade activities,
carried out with great difficulties and costs.
Economic systems often arise and change as an objective result of the
development of society and economy, it eventually come into conflict with the
existing capabilities of the productive forces of the resource base and die.
This fate befalls the economic system that does not take into account the
objective trends of development and national characteristics, and so can’t
provide increased efficiency.
The main requirement of the market economy is the progressive changes
associated with large-scale restructuring of the production process, changes of
the direction of its activities, which should ensure the acceleration of
scientific and technological progress, increasing not only export potential and
competitiveness, but also the formation of rational technological and
cooperative connections.
Corresponding
condition of the market transformations today of the global economy is the
creation of integrated corporate structures. This structures by increasing diversification
of production, improve the organization and management with advanced marketing
functions will create conditions for the effective functioning of all economic
systems.
Integration is aimed at the developing effective intrasystem
communication. For many foreign companies it provides long-term competitive advantages
based on the increasing of the synergistic effects. Economic success of
individual countries largely depend on place, in the world production chains, they can take.
The process of integrating of the national economies into the global
system of economic relations, is not so simple. For a more detailed
consideration of this problem it is advisable to pay attention on the
conditions and factor of integration of Kazakhstan into the world economy.
President of Kazakhstan, in his development strategy aims to join to the
world economic community and prescribed this aim in the long-term development
plans of the country.
Kazakhstan is the Eurasian country. It has a lot of common in the
historical, geopolitical and defense relations with neighboring countries. The
absolute priority in improving the integration relations belongs to Russia and
other CIS states. Establishment and strengthening of Kazakhstan and other CIS
states suggests their closer economic cooperation within the framework of the
former Soviet republics. In the process of movement to open market economy and
integration into the world economy, these countries faced a number of complex,
but similar challenges to stabilize the economy and overcoming of its crisis.
Easier to solve jointly by mutually beneficial integration of these households
for the rational use of natural, raw, minerals, fuel, energy, labor, etc.
resources, by the development of scientific, technical and other types of
cooperation [1].
In the last decade in the Republic of Kazakhstan was a full-scale
transformation of the society and the integration of national economies into
the world economy, it was like a radical change in the political and economic
system of the country. Construction of a new state, carried out in the context
of globalization, based on the principles of democracy and the rights and
widespread social, political and economic reforms. At the same time changed the
mentality of people, created a new system of values, new world- free from
ideological dogmas, and market development is not questioned. Liquidated basis
of central planning and state control, liberalization of prices, introduced the
national currency - tenge, which became convertible by the current account,
consumers and producers become free in their decisions; inflation largely
suppressed; gone chronic deficits. Domestic market provided a wide range of
goods and services is and comparable with the markets of developed countries; the
share of private sector in GDP has surpassed the share of the state, all these
show the immense distance gone by Kazakhstan 's independence and reform.
Despite the fact that Kazakhstan has experienced all the difficulties of
establishing an economically developed state and continuous reforming the
country's economy, we can say that the country has the necessary conditions for
the gradual inclusion in the global economic community. But Kazakhstan still is
behind the advanced countries of the world on the most important features and
performance. Nevertheless, such a situation can’t be considered as «irreversible».
With each successful step in the reform we are overcome this gap in the nearest
future.
When we talk about the conditions of inclusion of the country in the global
economy, the importance has its economic opportunities and prospects. We should
be guided on the potential and prospects of the state, taking into account
consistent progress to reforms, but not the current indicators of Kazakhstan's
economy has experienced a difficult phase of restructuring.
In this regard, an important condition for the integration of Kazakhstan
into the world economy, is the possessing scientific and technical potential,
which allows for the necessary research in priority areas of science and
technology, providing the fundamental types of high-tech products in accordance
with international standards. The high level of education and training of
Kazakhstan personnel and specialists, their receptivity to new requirements and
skills activity in a market economy - is indisputable. Another condition
indispensable presence in the world markets of Kazakhstan and its great
advantage is one of the world's highest degree of security of their own natural
resources, including energy commodities, rare earths, precious metals and other
raw materials belonging to class strategic, and in sufficient quantities not
only for their own needs but also for export. In this you can see a solid
foundation for mutually beneficial cooperation and constructive partnership
between Kazakhstan and other countries in the integrated community, their
strong interest in cooperation with us.
Such a specific Kazakhstan distinctive feature as having the economic
space, can be regarded as a further condition for integration with foreign
partners. Analysis of contemporary trends in world economic development leads
to the conclusion that the creation of a broad economic space (as by forming
closer economic union with the CIS countries, the establishment of the Customs
Union with Russia and Belarus, and the promotion of mutually beneficial
cooperation with other countries) becomes a condition for the successful
development of the internal market of our country and improve its
competitiveness.
This conditions are an important factor in the effective integration of
Kazakhstan's economy into the world economy, it is raise competitiveness of its
products. High competitiveness of the domestic product (for example,
high-quality grain) naturally promotes exports for the foreign currency which
need for imports. Improving the competitiveness of Kazakhstan goods, also
contributes to successful competition with foreign suppliers in the domestic
market.
It should be noted that competitiveness is not a permanent state, on the
contrary, it is quite dynamic and influenced by various circumstances may vary.
And if some industries are currently not competitive, it does not mean that
this situation will remain always. [2] Kazakhstan has huge potential and
opportunities for improving and strengthening the competitiveness not only of the
production of agricultural products and heavy industry, but also the processing
of animal products, the production of goods of different applications,
engineering, having scientific and technical potential, relatively cheap
skilled labor force, many of its own resources raw materials.
Moreover, it would be a mistake to believe that Kazakhstan is only
competitive mining. It is well known that the products are quite competitive
agriculture: in 2013 the average annual grain production over the past five
years amounted to more than 19 million tons and increased by 30 %, while the
volume of export of grain including flour increased by 60 % and amounted to 7,
8 million tons [3]. Remain highly competitive in the field of space services.
Of course, it would be good not to depend on the situation on the world
market of raw materials, to stop exporting raw materials and energy and become
an exporter of industrial products. But the reality is that the world economic
system in Kazakhstan for a long time will be assigned the status of raw
materials exporter. It is important to draw the right conclusions from this
fact.
First, we must ensure that no accidental episodic and constant presence
in the global market, in fact, create the interdependence of national economies
and the western industry. The problem of constant dependence on imported
products will disappear, acquire the status of a national goods competitive in
the state, will be released later in the international market with its own
product.
Second, create an investment climate in which exporters are interested in
using of the proceeds for the reconstruction of industry, increasing the share
of advanced technologies with the aim of deepening processing, improve the
quality of raw materials, as well as to develop new deposits.
Currently, many companies that produce consumer goods, can not only
supply the domestic market for its goods, but also to come with them on foreign
markets. But, unfortunately, goods imported from abroad does not allow the
spread of domestic goods in the territory of the republic. Only with further
improvement in our economy, equipment modernization, the development of
cooperation with foreign firms to significantly increase our production. And
here, again, requires substantial state support for some sectors of the
economy, including agriculture, to reduce the dependency of Kazakhstan from the
supplier countries. We must know that the state of industrialized countries
have substantial financial support not only the this industry, but also promote
the export of agricultural products.
1. President's
Letter - «Strategy» Kazakhstan- 2050» : a new policy of the
accomplished state « from 14.12.2012
2 . Theory of a transition economy. T. 2 . Textbook / Ed. Ph.D.
Krasnikova E.V. - Moscow: TEIS , 1998 - 231 p.
3 . RK Statistics Agency .