Современные информационные технологии/ 1.Компьютерная  инженерия

Bulatova M.B.

Kostanay State University named after A. Baitursynov, Kazakhstan

The historical and evolutionary aspect of the Kazakhstan Internet mass-media.

As experiment, the Mass Media in the Kazakhstan segment of the Internet appeared in 1998. It was the first radio and video broadcasts through the MTC (Municipal Telecommunication Centre) Almatytelecom server (itte.kz) with the use of RealAudio technology. The Mass Media became more intensive in the Kaznet at the turn of 1999 – 2000 because of the elective campaigns. At that very time the Internet ceased to serve as a means of communication of scientific communities and began to represent the social interest for Kazakhstan. Also the reduction of prices of using the Internet played an important role in the republic. Until 1999, the Kazakhs had to pay about 10 US dollars per hour of sitting in the Internet. Since the 1st of September 1999, the JSC (Joint-stock company) “Kazakhtelecom” and the subsidiary company “Management of Data Networks” with the trademark “Kazakhstan Online” created the “Internet Zone” project to enable users to access the World Wide Web for reasonable prices [1].

The first Online Media appeared in Kazakhstan in October, 1999. «Газета.inet.кз» (gazeta.inet.kz), a weekly digest of Karaganda publications, began to appear in Karaganda. Soon there were websites of major national mass media. In 1999 the “Khabar” news agency created its own website which now represents one of the Kaznet’s most popular and fastest growing resources. In 2000 the number of Kazakh Online Media continued to grow. There were a lot of newspapers which had created their own websites such as “Caravan” (caravan.kz). Also the news agencies appeared in the Kaznet: «Hotline» (hotline.kz), «КОDА» (news.site.kz). During that period there had been noted two unique cases of creation of informal media sites. Accordingly, the admirers of “NS” and “Europa plus Kazakhstan” radio stations had created the websites shortway.to/nsradio/ and xadaboom.com/radio-reef/. Taking into account that the websites were created by amateurs, they were executed at a low professional level. On January 17, 2000 “Navigator” (navigator.kz) appeared in Almaty on the basis of the “451 gradus po Farengeytu” newspaper. It was the first Internet newspaper which was officially registered in the Ministry of Culture, information and social consent [2].

In 2001 the social and political situation in Kazakhstan also gave a new impulse which led to the emergence of the prominent and professional Internet media. The opposition between different groups in the higher echelons of government made a favorable information climate. At once several Internet media appeared in the Kaznet on political themes. “Aziopa” – a social foundation of Asian – European studies (asiopa.org.ru) and “Aina - Analysis Information News Abstracts” (aina.kz) were created in May, 2001. On September 21, 2001 the site “Kub – Klub Universalnoi Bezopasnosti” (kub.kz) enlarged the list of the web publications of an acute and political orientation. The great popularity was acquired by foreign information and analysis center "Eurasia" (eurasia.org.ru) which published critical materials about the situation in Kazakhstan. Appeared at the same time, the informational and analytical site "Turan" (turan.ru) began to supply with more weighed information. Then the site “Agenstva Politicheskih Issledovaniy” (caapr.kz) was opened. At that time it became the most native and analytical product on the Kazakhstan Internet space. The Internet boom of 2001 led to the fact that active participants in the Kaznet became even government agencies. The analytical online media, in particular, became the site “Kazakhstanskiy Institut Strategicheskih Issledovaniy pri Prezidente Kazakhstana” (kisi.kz).

According to the Agency of the Republic of Kazakhstan on Statistics, 10 341 mass media (2 973 mass media actively work) are put on the account in the country for today. And more than 250 are the Internet mass media. The mass media are concentrated mainly in the large cities – the capital, Almaty and the regional centers. At the same time there is still a practice of publishing of regional limited newspapers [3].

The basic bulks of publications (more than 85-90%) are private. The governmental publications work in all regions of the country with the support of local akimats (executive powers) and maslikhats (representative powers). There are several national republican newspapers and magazines which are published in Astana and Almaty. And national republican TV channels and radio stations broadcasts. However, despite official statistics which shows that the majority of publications in Kazakhstan are independent, the bulk of the media is loyal to the authorities because of the closeness to its owners of the mass media, the publications receive social funds and other reasons.

What is clear is the fact that there is no integration pool for practical support and promotion the Internet media in Kazakhstan, except for some disburse contributors. The Internet publications don’t bring monetary dividends and are closed because of the lack of financing and support from the state.

The list of references

1. “Compuret Club” magazine/Kolosov A.B./ “How did the Internet begin in the regions of Kazakhstan”// - 2003. – page 18.

2. Green Party “Rukhaniyat” – for the Kaznet in Kazakh language./ IA «PROFIT Online». - 16.04.2010. – Access mode http://www.profit.kz/news/005759/ - free.

3. The Agency of the Republic of Kazakhstan on Statistics. – Access mode http://www.stat.kz – free.