A.Kh.
Yerimbertova
The candidate of philological
sciences,
Kazakhstan.
Zh.A.Abdrakhmanova
The
candidate of philological
sciences,
Kazakhstan.
The inflective factors
to the formation of the conformities of
the sound in
Turkish languages.
Ðåçþìå
 ñòàòüå
ðàññìàòðèâàåòñÿ ýêñòðîëèíãâèñòè÷åñêèå ôàêòîðû âîçäåéñòâèÿ çâóêîâîãî
ñîîòâåòñòâèÿ â òþðêñêèõ ÿçûêàõ.
Summary
The article discusses the impact
of factors ekstrolingvisticheskie sound correspondences in Turkic languages.
The language
brings the several
laws in the evolutional
development. The one of the
laws connecting with
the history of the language and found in
the language units comprises
the system of
the main vocabulary
is the sound conformities.
The sound conformities take
place as the historical law
in the all nations languages, and influence directly on the
basis lexics of
each nation.
The external side
and internal meaning
side of the language take action in
naming them and knowing
objects and phenomenon
in the environment. The
features of the
object are discovered
according to the
cognition of the person. And
this process arises the
phenomenon of the
meaning and types
of that object.The
types of the language unit
are shown by
the structure in
definite line.The extralinguistic factors and also
the internal factors
influence on the
alteration of the
sounds. The alteration because
of the internal factors of
the sounds are
different: grammatical and positional
alterations, historical and phonetic
alterations.
The phonetic
alteration is shown
by the sound conformity.
The historical phenomenon, the variant of the
sounds between dead
languages and living languages, relative languages, in one language are
called the sound
conformity.
Relying on the results
of the comparing – phonetic
research in all Turkish
languages to know deeply
the nature of the conformity of
the sounds in
modern Kazakh language
the opinions about
the language system
of the ancient period of
Altai. Also, opinions of scientists
said about the
formation and the development
of the common language have
the importance in
defining the sound
conformities. Further the factors
that influence on
the development of
the person to
the new quality, ability of sounds that
were the reason
to the conformation of the
sounds according to
all the spheres
of the science language.
The alterations in the language of the phonetic
phenomenon, considering from the
historical point of
view of the
linguistic sounds having
to a new quality
have a direct connection.
There exist different opinions based
on the law of the speech
organs from the
glottis to the
lips, from the mouth to the
top side.The famous
scientist Boduen de Kurtene says
the telling of
the linguistic sounds to
the harmony as a main
reason and shows
three directions in the usage of the mind
of the person:
1.From
the centre to the outside, phonation (speaking);
2.From the outside to the central, audition
(listening);
3.The mind
movement in the centre of the mind (thinking) [1, 228].
The
scientist also mentions
it as the physiological phenomenon according to
the mind work
including the speech
briefness. He connects the
common reasons of
the development of
the language that
arise the harmony. He
describes the law to the
harmony of the influence to
the development of the language in this way:
«to try
the easiness of the
nervous system and muscles
in adaptation of the
sounds and sound
conformities from difficult
to the easiest one;
to adapt to brief form; to clear oneself from the disabstractness in passing to the
abstractness» [1, 228].
Really, the principle influenced
on having the new
quality of the
sounds not spending a lot of strength to the speech
apparatus in giving
the thought by the language. The opinion of
scientist is supported
that were called
psychological factor as the
main aim of the brief
activity arises from this
principle.
The
quality that is
specific to the
general people is
to try to spend the strength
a bit. All language has
a possibility to
spend the physical
strength economically. The alterations
of consonant sounds
in Turkish languages
in the worldwide language is
not connected with
the economic law
of this phenomenon, also it shows the formation of the briefness tasks
as the law in the language
connected with the
peoples` ethnogenesis and
glottogenesis.
The I.A.Boduen de Curtene says
about the passing of
the historical periods
of the definite language: «
the transferring from
the linguistic condition
of the animal to the human
being to the
linguistic condition of
the people consisted
of the sound transmitting
action from the
larynx cavity and
mouth cavity and
in the appearance the present
articulation of the
pronunciation. … The primary humanity of
the language consisted
of the primary masses of
the speech action
from the larynx cavity
into the mouth
cavity on the
way out». Showing the social
factors according to
the language in
his work the
scientist says that the
cave people had
the weak chin – tongue muscles therefore the
people were not
able to sound
the sounds connected
with the front
of the tongue, only they had
the possibility of
saying the sounds
of back of
the tongue [2, 60]. Relying on
this opinion the
front sounds are
formed according to
the articulation possibilities on the basis
of their physiology and biological development of the people
of their front
tongue.These physiological processes
provide much time. The back sounds influence on
all
of the
system of the
front language, middle language
sounds. Therefore the alteration, conjugation, analyzing of
the word meaning, the development
process by the
realization of creating
new words goes
with the physiological development of the
human brain, psychological,
logical, cognitive development processes. The phonological – morphological – semantic development of the
language is realized
on the basis of the
processes specific to
the development of
the humanity.
The phonetic and physiological phenomenon according to
the formation of
the sound conformity
can be named as
following:
1) to economize the
energy to sound, tell
the word;
2) to spend the
energy a little to
sound;
3) to try to the harmony;
4) to try to the tune;
5) the natural adaptation
to the alteration of the sounds;
6) the internal necessity
of developing the
linguistic system;
7) to analyse the functional
feature of the
phoneme;
8) the alteration of the
articulation place of
the sounds;
9) the positsional condition
of the sounds in one sound
complex;
10) the being of
the changed sound
in the environment of the
definite sound;
11) stress;
12) the social environment;
13)the alteration of
the geographical condition;
14)the separation of
the languages from
each other;
15) the connection of
the languages with
each other and etc.
The each of the physiological or phonetical phenomenon mentioned above
affects to the
alteration of the
sounds in definite
degree. With the phenomenon
mentioned above the
adaptation to the
tradition formed in
definite social environment or the alteration
of the definite generation to
the new period
generation bring to
the alteration of
the sounds and
affect to the
linguistic system
as social
factors [3, 74].
The phoneme
comprises the phonological system of the
language are conformed
with other phonemes
in morpheme degree, also in phonological degree. Therefore, the one of
the factors that
influence on the
formation of the
sound conformities is the positional –
combination peculiarities of
phonemes. N.A.Baskakov says about
the assimilation and
dissimilation processes pass
while the addition
of the affixes to the
root consonants connect [4, 104]. The
creation of many syllable words from the
one syllable words
effectively influence on
the conformity of
the sounds.The researcher
O.Prizak proves the
increase of the
weak consonants by
the dissimailative results
with these facts:
íä>íò, ëä>ëò, ðä>ðò: áàðäï ¢îí
ïîøåë'>áàðòï, áäðä³ì
¢ÿ äàë'>áäðò³ì [5, 105p.]. This opinion
needs to research
deeply. Although, it is
known that the conformity
sounds can
be close by
the genetic side
to each other. The natural adaptation to the
alteration of sounds, the positional situation, the sound environment,
the alteration of the articulation place of sounds, stress, the economizing
phenomenon, connecting, the
separation or the
connection of the
languages from each
other, other internal and
external factors are
the defining factors
of the phonetic differences,
also the sound conformities in
the work of
the prof. B.Sagindikulu [6, 25].
The sound
conformities introducing the
historical elements of
the development of
the Kazakh language
preserving the meaning exactness
of the
word semantics, are connected with the
historical phenomenon that
are in relative languages.
The
bilological qualities as
formation, development, dying
specific to the
person are specific
to the language, therefore
the language has
the own development
period common to
the Turkish nations.
The formation of the
individual language of the tribal
dialects separated from
the language formed
and had the
development of thousand
years did not happen
in one time.The each language
that has close
connection with the different objective, subjective
reasons are connected
directly with the
formation of the
nation who speak
that language.
Therefore
the historical sound
alterations, the conformities can
be taken as a symbol
in the differentiation of the relation
of the relative languages.The
articulation – acoustic influence
is not shown concretely in
conforming the sounds
in each language
from the synchronic point
of view, but the
symbols of the
development of the
articulation can be
seen according to
the physiology development
of the human.
References:
1. Boduen de Curtene. The selected works
about the general
linguistics. Ò.². Ì., 1963, 228p.
2. Boduen de Curtene. The one
of the side of the
constant humanity of
the language in
the region of
pronunciation, according to anthropology // The introduction to linguistics.
Chrestomathy. Ì., 2000,
60p.
3. Polivanov E.D.
The phonetic evolutional
factors of the
language as the
labor process // The
articles about the
general linguistics. M., 1968, 90p.
4. Baskakov N.A. The
historic – typological
morphology of Turkish
languages. Ì., 1979, -114p.
5. Cherbak A.M. The comparing
phonetics of Turkish
languages. L., Nauka, 1970, -240p.
6. B.Sagindikulu.
The etymological basis
of the development of the
Kazakh language lexics. À., 1994,
-168