Abdrakhmanova Zhazyra
Asembekkizi,
Kazakh National
University named after al-Farabi,
the candidate of philological
sciences, Kazakhstan.
E-mail: zhaz_abd@mail.ru
Yerimbertova Aiim Khadimovna,
Kazakh Economic
University named after T.Ryskulov
the candidate of philological
sciences, Kazakhstan.
The
linguistic nature of
the relic (X²) «Kutadgu
bilig»
of
Yusuf Balasagun
The monument «Kutadgu bilig»
considered as the
great heritage of
ancient period of
culture is one
of the great phenomenon of
central century. Balasagun wrote
his works in the period of
Karakhanid which is
the best period
of turkish dynasty. The thinker that arose
with the Turkish
and Persian culture and
being a thinker
with the influence of Arabic worldview tried
to understand the
activity and the role
of man in the society,
created the great
philosophical ideas about
society [1,58p]. «Kutadgu bilig» is
the happiness doctrine of the people. This
doctrine gave the
happiness to the people and
generation. The book that
gave moral values to
the intelligent generation [2,9p]. «Kutadgu
bilig» is the philosophical monument
of life intelligence –
thought which is written by
Turkish words [3,58p]. The scientists
evaluates this monument in
this way: « The special value of
the poem is
written for the first
time and give
full answers for
the questions of
the period before
it» [2,4p]. The appearance
of the «Kutadgu Bilik» as the
culture measurement of
the period of
the central century
in Central Asia
and Kazakhstan happened
because of the premises of the definite
condition, historical -
social environment and
society – political conditions.
The writings that had come
to us one of
the greatest treasure
was written and
left as a
letter on the
basis of different
alphabet (runes, orchon –enisei,
got, armiyan, manichey, sogdu, arabic, etc.). From the V century till
XV century the
written relics are
considered to be
the common heritage
to all Turkish people by
the united conclusion
of the researchers. This
opinion is proved
thoroughly by the
scientific point.
The
facsimile or photocopy, the transcribed text were
published most of
the relics as
«Divan Lugat at -
turk» by M.Kashgari in the
XI century, «Chusrau ua
Shirin» by Kutb in XIV century, «Muchabbet - name»
by Choresmi in
foreign countries and
Soviet Union; the comparative
dictionaries and glossaries
were published of
several relics;the doctoral, candidate dissertations were published on
the basis of
the relics; also different
scientific articles were
published on the
basis of the relics. Although, there are
sufficient work to
do according to
be the use of the
science.For example, how to
define the dialectic
basis and with
what ways? In what
language the definite
relic was written
and does it
have any scientific
provement? What are the
linguistic connection of
relics with ancient, modern relics? Can the reasons
be explained after
discovering the similarities and differences, is it close or further
to the modern heritage as
the monument language
of Turkish language?
There are so
many complicated problems
have not decided
yet. The one of
the main obligation
of the research is to give scientific
answer for these
questions. In case of
language is defined
concretely the relics
will be useful
to the literature, history, ethnography.
To show the
historical - genealogy relation
with modern Turkish
languages while defining
the system of
phonetics, morphological
and syntactic structure
of the relic language. The
language is the
unit of measure
of each nation. It
is impossible to
know the future
development of the language without
doing the scientific
analysis to the
periods of the
development. The one
of the important problem of
all the Turkish
nations and world
nation is to
analyze and add to
the scientific set
the literary written
relic of «Kutadgu
bilik»
in XI
century considered the
common heritage of
Turkish people.
The requirements to research the
language of the relic «Kutadgu bilik» (XI) of Yusuf Balasaguni.
Researching
the linguistic peculiarities of the literary
written relics had
come till this
time provide the
complex investigation of
one of the important part
taken as an
aim the relic. It
is definite that
the author who
did the written
relic is considered
to be the representative of
one nation or
the citizen of
one state. The one
of the difficulty to research
the historical relic
«Kutadgu bilik» (XI)
of Yusuf Balasaguni
is that insufficiency of concrete historical
information about the
economical – cultural peculiarities and political - social
environment of the
writer who lived
at that period.
The historical chronicles
and informations are
used in researching
these problems and
mainly, the many historical
informations are taken
by the relic text. The value
of historical informations in the context
of the relic «Kutadgu bilik»
(XI) by
Yusuf Balasaguni improves the
importance of the
complex investigation of
the relic and
requires to pay
much attention to
the linguistic informations.The requirements stated above
are taken in
the the complex
investigation of the
relic «Kutadgu bilik»
thoroughly.
The scientists admit
the common heritage
of ancient Turkish
written relics to
the Turkish people
that live nowadays. The ancestors of all
nations did together
to form the
ancient Turkish literary
language. Although the degree
of participation of
definite tribal union
is different according to the sphere
of each work. After
this there arises
the question such
as what the
quantity of
the groups of
the languages oguz, kypshak, karluk - uygur
to the relic. It is not
easy to define
the relation of
Turkish languages based
on the relics to each
variant. Each historical heritage
is to be taken separately,
is to be compared with
dialects, patios and all
Turkish languages by
the spheres of
the language having
relation to the
relic, is to be
discovered the similarities and differences.
Also the historical written relics
are compared with each
other mutually and
the defining of
the peculiarities specific
to each of
them are considered
to be the scientific value.
References:
1. Kashgari
M. The Turkish dictionary. – Almaty: Chant, 1997. – 251p.
2. Orunbekov
M., The thinkers of
Kazakh steppe. - Almaty: Gylym, 1995.-289p.
3. Sagyndykylu B.Akikat
syiy / wrote, translated to the
Kazakh language – Almaty:
The Kazakh university, 2002. -214 p.