Creative heritage of Makhambet
Кульбаева М.М., А.Байтұрсынов атындағы Қостанай мемлекеттік университетінің аға оқытушысы , филология магистрі

In the 18th century culture of Kazakhs has not changed much, it preserves all the traditions of the medieval nomadic traditions. This is evident both in material and spiritual culture. The nomadic life caused types of housing, clothing, food, folklore. Main dwelling of Kazakhs was portable Yurt. At this time, the Kazakhs got further development of crafts, especially those related to agricultural production. These include making a riding horse harnesses, weaving, cosmolara , processing of wood, metal, horn. Clothes of Kazakhs was diverse, and it was made of silk, fabrics, felt and fur. Kazakh warriors wore different types of knives. Spread matchlock rifles at the special legs. At this time, have become very popular to use songs-Torgau, the authors were known bard - Bukhar, Ombati, Aktamberdy, Tachikara and Druviete folk art covered tales, heroic legends, Proverbs, sayings, household and ritual songs. The main theme of historical songs of the 18th century was the struggle of the Kazakh people against the Dzungars. People are immortalized the events 1723, the year of the great disasters of the Kazakh people in the song is "Elim!". Other songs also reflected the heroism of the Kazakhs in the battle against jungeren part of the spiritual culture of the Kazakhs was music. Of Kazakhs has existed from about 20 different types of musical instruments (dombra, kobyz, and others). Was extended solo singing and solo performances of musical works. Songs and Cui was accompanied by many sides of life of Kazakhs (weddings, meetings, carting and others). In the nineteenth century received the further development of all genres of oral literature. There were new epic songs, reflecting important historical events. The poem "Batyr Niyaz" is devoted to the feats of Kazakh batyrs, defending the Kazakh steppe from the raids of Kokand and Khiva lords. About the struggle of the Kazakh people against the tsarist colonialism says the poem "Becket Batyr". The poem "Aiman-Sholpan" is also dedicated to the anti-colonial struggle of the Kazakh people under the leadership of the ESET Katabarwa. The leaders of the liberation struggle of the Kazakh people 1837-1847 years became the heroes of the epos "Kenesary-Nauryzbai". The development of Kazakh literature associated with the work of Makhambet Utemisuly. Their songs Makhambet called on people to struggle against colonial and Khan authorities. After the death of Isatai in 1838, the poet continues the struggle. He had talks with the Khiva Khan on joint actions, sent letters to the Kazakh vodoprivedas, several times tried to cross the frontier; to raise the struggle of the Kazakh people Bogaevskyi khanate. In 1846 by order of Colonel Alcobaca Makhambet was arrested and brutally murdered. Poetry Makhambet raised Kazakh literature to new heights. It meant a further rapprochement of spoken word poetry with a written literature. An outstanding Kazakh poet Makhambet Utemisov was a very bright person. Its role in the culture and history of Kazakh people, as well as in the literature, is huge. His poetry is full of bravery and courage, indomitable desire for freedom. Makhambet Utemisov is considered the founder of Kazakh heroic poetry. His work can with full justification be called the encyclopedia of the liberation struggle of the Kazakh people wearing the years, as in those years Makhambet took an active part in the uprising led by Isatai Taimanov in Western Kazakhstan.
Creativity Materialy inseparably connected with the peasant uprising 1836 and 1837, He was the near-jaisim friend and ally of the leader of the uprising Isatai Taimanov.
Materialy is one of the first Kazakh poets who spoke out against the Khan of arbitrariness and feudal aristocracy, not only through creativity, but also with the weapon in hands.
Makhambet warm love for the country and hated tsarism, which conducted colonialist politics, khans, a seller of national lands, sultans and Biy, robbing narodnostopanski the wideness of the native steppes, green pastures, dark surface of lakes and river floods, Makhambet never forget that it all belongs not to the people, and his oppressors, that predators khans and Bai - dispose of the wealth of countries, the use of labour of the people. The genuine masters of life, the people who create by their labor, material wealth, they have no rights to the laws established by Khan and his associates.Khan became angrier. Homeland, stud
He robbed you, Azamat! -said the poet, speaking to the people, revealing his eyes on the true situation in their home country. Poetic word of Makhambet not diverged from reality. Consistency and decisiveness in thoughts and actions - the characteristics of poet-fighter.Many events in verses Makhambet nowadays perceived as historically accurate. The first period of the uprising of the Kazakhs Inner Horde, led by Isatai Taimanov is most fully displayed by Makhambet in the poem "the Battle of Isatai". Terrible avalanche of events, capturing the entire Horde, horror Khan Zhangir scared by a wave of public anger, bloody battles, heroic rebels with heavily armed troops sent to suppress the uprising - all this he has described vividly and emotionally, impressively bright, extremely compressed, concise language. He chooses from a chain of events are the most important, the most typical and the most dramatic. Still unknown poems Makhambet, written before the outbreak of the Isatai Taimanuly, i.e. until the second half of the thirties of the 19th century. In a series of events and phenomena of those years appears a kind of "axial time", without doubt, formed the freedom-loving and rebellious spirit aristocrat Steppe Makhambet Temeculaca theme of poems and songs Makhambet (the"Curse of the Zhangir", "Sultan Baimagambetov", "Great dream", "Naryn-Sands" and others) - the fight against oppressors, a hatred of tyranny, a protest against the feudal lords. Creativity Makhambet contributed to the formation of the genres of Kazakh poetry (satire, Elegy, monologue, Arnau, and others), the development of poetic language. Poems Makhambet were translated into Russian and repeatedly published separate collections were included in anthologies, since the 1940s ("anthology of Kazakh literature" under the editorship Labrea, 1940). Poetry Makhambet still considered precious, nevertheless, to the creative work of the poet addressed many translators. First of all it Abenilla, a Russian writer who remained in Kazakhstan after Stalin's camps, and it is known Kazakh poet Vagantov, Russian poets Rojdestvenski, Vrybin, Mraman. In the late 80-ies of XX century to creativity Materialy turned literary critic more exact, and in our time - poets, translators, researchers Karabaev, Oganyanom, AMDAR etc. At the place of the poet's death in 40 km from the village Inderborski in the Atyrau region is built Mazar-mausoleum. Annually at the mausoleum are readings on the works of Makhambet. Name Batyr streets in Almaty, town and district in Atyrau oblast. Anthropologist Nhachot.avi restored the appearance of Makhambet. In 2002 marked the 200th anniversary of the poet. 2003 in honour of the 200 anniversary of the poet by UNESCO, was declared the Year of Makhambet. I was me, and I was in itself" - that characterized the poet himself his purpose in this world. Creative heritage of Makhambet - about a hundred poems. As you know, he his poems are not recorded. Akins the Sherniyazov, Becket, Murat and Lukpan retained the poetic heritage of Makhambet for future generations. Creativity of the poet dedicated to many studies, his works are translated into Russian repeatedly published separate collections were included in anthologies. Along with Kazakhstani scientists an important contribution to the analysis of the poetic heritage Makhambet start to make the foreign researchers.

Literature

1. Kuznetsova E. Makhambet read in Paris // Kazakhstanskaya Pravda. - 2003, October 25.
2. Makhambet Utemissov. L armoise rouge de la steppe. - Paris: Caracteres, 2003. - 124 p.
3. Marla A. O. Carriers ancient poetic art of the Kazakh people.
4. Kenzhaliev I. Isatai-Makhambet. Almaty: 1991.