Nazarbekoba Z.M.
A. Baitursynov Kostanai
State University, Kazakhstan
The
political consciousness
In the political sphere the nature of functioning of
institutes of the power, a form of behavior of various subjects and all other
manifestations of activity of the person directly depend and are formed on the
basis of his ideas, views, feelings and other spiritual phenomena. The most
general category reflecting all set of sensual and theoretical, valuable and
standard, rational and subconscious representations of the person which mediate
his relations with the political structures, is "the political
consciousness". Differently, the political consciousness reflects all
those ideals, norms and other views of the person by which he is guided and
which uses for adaptation to power and performance mechanisms in politics of
functions inherent in it.
Thus, according to the contents the political
consciousness reflects all not institutional components of the political sphere
of public life. Thereby, it shows that the changes in activity of bodies of
authority and management, adjustment of the interparty relations and other
political processes are anyway caused by subjective positions of elite and not
elite layers. A variety of mobile and changeable human views forms multidirectional
political processes, a stereo logic of political interactions which represents
a diverse stream of human life in the public sphere. This genetic dependence of
politics on political consciousness turn into continuous process of an objectification of
ideas and representations (an embodiment of certain views and representations
in acts of the person, functions of institutes) and their desobjectivation (reflections of the political phenomena in certain
estimates, doctrines, views). Now in science there were two points of view on
essence of political consciousness. So, the supporters of behavioral approach
consider political consciousness as a form of rational thinking of the person
all that set of his views and representations which it uses at implementation
of the roles and functions in the power sphere. Differently, from this point of
view the political consciousness appears as the developed and the thinking of
the person imposed on politics. At such approach there are no special
requirements to development by the person its positions, estimates of political
events. And consequently, the problem of formation of political consciousness
is removed also.
The second, axiological, approach belongs to political
consciousness as to a certain level of social thinking. From this point of view
it includes also various ordinary, universal views and values of the person,
but the essence of political consciousness of people is defined by its ability
and ability to isolate their group interests, to compare them with other group
requirements, and also to see ways of use of the state for the solution of
tasks on their realization. Thus, the political consciousness is understood as
that level of representations by which the person can rise for optimization of
the political participation and performance of necessary functions in the power
sphere.
Within such approach there is an opportunity to
allocate, relying on those representations which the person uses in the power
sphere, two versions of forms of consciousness are political and prepolitical
(potestarny, from lat. potestas is the power), guided by the various principles
and criteria of reflection of reality. The political forms of consciousness
assume ability of the person to isolate in social life the dynamics of
intergroup race for power, ability to develop an assessment of the political
relations taking into account the purposes of rivals, means and extent of their
achievement within short-term or long-term prospect of development, skills of
forecasting of conditions of loss (prize) and other parameters of this
interaction. Such views, being supplemented with ethical judgments, allow
people to realize restrictions of political methods of fight, to carry itself
to supporters of the left or right political movements.
Contrary to it the prepolitical forms of consciousness
are based on exclusively moral criteria of an assessment of political changes,
which catch only external social interrelations and therefore treat all
interests within emotional and moral preferences: badly/well, fairly/unfairly.
Owing to such perception of political reality on this basis the idealization of
political life constantly develops, the painful ethnophobias, aggression,
apathy, rebelliousness are born.
The ways
of formation of political consciousness are difficult and inconsistent.
It would be big simplification to consider as The marxists believed that it is
introduced in masses by ideological representatives of the party and a class.
Actually the formation of political consciousness is carried out in difficult
process of critical judgment by people the social reality, generalization and
gradual rationalization of sensual representations; understanding of the
purposes of the party or other political movement, accession to already created
estimates and norms of the political process; emotional familiarizing with
belief in justice of these or those political ideals. Naturally, any
of the called ways doesn't guarantee the formation of political views. It is
only the precondition for emergence of ability to carry out imperious and group
identification. Only practice can answer, whether the person ennobled the views
to level of political consciousness
Ideology
is one of forms of political
consciousness. It is a controversial political term that often carried
pejorative implications. In social scientific sense, a
political ideology
is more or less coherent set of ideas
that provides a basis for organized political action. Ins central feature are
account of existing power relationships, a model of a desired future, and an
outline of how political change can and should be brought about.
Ideologies link political theory with
political practice. On one level, ideologis resemble political philosophies, in
that they constitute a collection of values, theories and doctrines, that is, a
distinctive world view. On another level, however, they take the form of broad
political movements, and are articulated through the activities jf political
leaders, parties and groups.
Literature:
1.
Bulatova A., Ismagambetova. E. Political science. - A., 2001, p. 148-159
2.
Melvil A.Yu. Political science: textbook. - M.: MGIMO MFA of Russia,
Prospectus, 2009, p. 170-192