Физическая культура и спорт/ 3.Спортивная медицина и реабилитация.

Kabush T.Ju., Pak S.Ju.

Karaganda State Medical University, Kazakhstan

Sports medicine and rehabilitation

Sports are important in our lives because they keep us healthier. They are a more pleasing form of working out compared to exercise routines at the gym yet just as effective. Sports also improve our mind because it helps us concentrate more, create better mental images and think much more.

Exercising is good, but sometimes injury can occur. Accidents, poor training practices, or improper gear can cause them. Some people get hurt because they are not in shape. Not warming up or stretching enough can also lead to injuries.

Lack of knowledge and wrong exertion cause different consequences, as well they are sad.

There is the branch of medicine that deals with injuries or illnesses resulting from participation in sports and athletic activities. It is called sport medicine.

Every sportsperson understands the potential for injury is always present. It is very important to seek for the services of a sports medicine professional after the occurrence of an injury. A sports medicine specialist is an expert with specialized education who focuses on the medical and therapeutic aspects of sports participation and physical activity. These experts can give valuable advice how to prevent developing a serious health issue, to recognize, manage or rehabilitate sports related injuries and ailments.

The Purposes of sports medicine are:

- Estimate of a health condition;

- Realization of the regular medical examination of the people health, which do sports;

- Development of new, more effective methods of medical examination of sportsmen observation;

- Development of the resources, which preserve and strengthen health.

There are some objectives of the sports medicine:

- Studying health, physical development and functional possibilities of sport organisms, and determining contraindications and indications to different types of sport;

- Determining and estimation of the functional state of health;

- Studying illnesses and traumas arising cause of not rational trainings, determining of methods of diagnostics, prevention, treatment and rehabilitation.

This science has such sections as:

1. Functional diagnostics

A wide complex of medical methods is applied for research functional state of nervous system. At first medical and sports anamnesis is gathered. Then, a doctor examines skin and mucous membrane of sportsman. But the greatest information content can be received by means o research instrumental methods and tests. Information about the functional state of organism is necessary for estimating state of health, revelation specifics activities of an organism.

2. Medical provision of trainings and competitions

Medical control realized by trainer and doctor allows estimating the level of influence physical exercises on the organism.

3. Medical control in sport

Prominent tajik scientist, physician Avicenna (Ibn Sina) wrote in his work “The canon of medicine” that if you do physical exercises, you won’t need drugs. Physical exercises influence comprehensively. It helps to withstand different infections, radiation, temperature influence, etc. Every trainer and teacher must know not only theory and methodic of physical education, physiology, be literate in medicine, but also work close with doctors in sports medicine, know main requirements of medical control.

4. Sport pathology

Trauma is used to describe experiences or situations that are emotionally painful and distressing, and that overwhelm people’s ability to cope, leaving them powerless. Sports injuries are injuries that occur in athletic activities. They can result from acute trauma, or from overuse of a particular body part. Traumatic injuries can include:

· Contusion or bruise - damage to small blood vessels which causes bleeding within the tissues.

· Strain - trauma to a muscle due to overstretching and tearing of muscle fibers

· Sprain - an injury in a joint, caused by the ligament being stretched beyond its own capacity

· Wound - abrasion or puncture of the skin

· Bone fracture

· Head injury

· Spinal cord injury

· In sports medicine, a catastrophic injury is defined as severe trauma to the human head, spine, or brain.

5. Recovery of sport efficiency after trainings and competitions is rehabilitation.

Sportsmen’s traumas involve painful reaction of a whole organism. Negative emotions, connected with trauma, impossibility to take part in competitions, scaring of losing efficiency oppress on the psyche. The process of rehabilitation divides into 3 phases:

First phase is a medical rehabilitation in conditions of permanent establishment. There are physical exercises, massage, physiotherapeutic procedures included in this phase.

Second phase is sport rehabilitation. Physical exercises depend on clinical parameters, field and degree of trauma. The main purpose of exercises is to strengthen muscular system.

Third phase is primary sport training. Its main objective is to recover sport efficiency, return to the full training and emulative activity.

After sport rehabilitation – systemic process, connected with gradual outlet from sport activity. It is not allowed to stop exertion sharply, because there were changes in the organism of sportsman: heart capacity is increased; metabolic processes are connected with physical work etc. The work of all functional systems is broken, when physical work stops sharply.

Sports rehabilitation is a disciplinary approach to treat injuries sustained through sports participation. It is applied so that the athlete can regain normal pain-free mobility. Teams involved in this are professionals such as physical therapists, athletic trainers, chiropractors and massage therapists.

Therefore, sport is good for health on condition if you are educated in trainings and you know how to distribute heavy duty correctly. We hope you to persuade to collaborate with doctors and trainer if you do sports to avoid bad consequences. Sports physicians can help you maintain continuous participation in sports and fitness activities.

Literature:

1. Дубровский В.И. Спортивная медицина, 2-е изд., доп. Издательство: Владос, 2002

2. Майкели Л. Энциклопедия спортивной медицины / Л. Макейли, М. Дженинкс. – Спб., 1997.

3. Спортивная медицина / учебник для институтов физической культуры, под редакцией В.Л. Карпмана- М: Физкультура и спорт, 1987