Akhmed Baitursynov Kostanay State University
Veterinary-sanitary
assessment of plant food on the content of nitrates
The problem of nitrate in crop production does not
lose its relevance for several decades, and in modern conditions of agriculture,
when prevailing private ownership, the issue of the safety of these products
for human and animal health requires special attention for veterinary
specialists [1].
The world health organization (WHO) in FAO
has established the maximum permissible concentration (MPC) of nitrates. The
daily allowable dose is 3.7 mg of nitrate per 1 kg of body weight. This means
that a person weighing 70 kg can, without danger to his body to consume up to
250 mg of nitrate per day (in terms of sodium nitrate up to 350 mg) and nitrite
to 15 mg per day. However nitrates enter the body not only with vegetables. A certain number of them gets drinking water. It is proved that
the effect of nitrate - ions contained in food, almost a quarter weaker than
dissolved in water. Moreover, in the water they are in pure form, not in a
bound, as in plants, such as "clean" nitrates for the body is much
more dangerous. Poisoning by nitrates animals often causing their deaths, reduces the
quality of meat and milk, reduces productivity, creates unsustainable young [2,3].
In this regard, control over the content of nitrates
in crops that are consumed in food is relevant and practical significance. One of the most important tasks of the veterinary specialists is their
expert examination of products of animal and vegetable origin in the markets in
order to prevent in a free implementation of substandard and dangerous for consumers
of food products.
The aim of the study is to determine the nitrate content in plant foods and
compare them with the sanitary standards.
Materials and methods of research. The study was conducted in the laboratory of the veterinary-sanitary
examination in the market "Otau-Sauda" , Kostanai.
Only been studied in 60 samples. Were selected average
sample table beet, carrot, radish, cucumbers, squash, potato, tomato, cabbage,
red and cauliflower, eggplant, onions, bell peppers, watermelons, melons,
apples, grapes, pears, persimmons. Determination
of the quantity of nitrates was conducted in accordance with the GOST
13496.19-93 «Fodder, mixed fodder raw materials». «Methods of defining the content
of nitrates and nitrites» using ionomer And-500 and 1% solution of potassium
alum.
For translation concentration of nitrate ion mass
fraction of nitrate in mg/kg used a special table. The obtained values of the
concentration of nitrate ion compared with the maximum permissible
concentration of nitrates in vegetable foods and made a conclusion about the
quality of root and tuber crops, vegetables, fruits.
The results of the study. According to the results of the research
showed that nitrates are found in all products, as beslatnyj products should
not be. Nitrate content in secondary samples ranged (mg/kg).
Table 1 The
nitrate content in root and tuber crops, vegetables and fruits
|
Product of
plant growing |
MPC, mg/kg |
the
amount of nitrates, mg/kg |
|
|
in the surface layers |
in the deep layers |
||
|
Cucumbers |
400 |
320 |
45 |
|
Eggplant |
300 |
210 |
80 |
|
Zucchini |
1400 |
325 |
75 |
|
Cantaloupe |
90 |
70 |
38 |
|
Beet |
1200 |
730 |
1200 |
|
Carrot |
300 |
265 |
50 |
|
White
radish |
1200 |
750 |
560 |
|
Radish |
1200 |
980 |
320 |
|
Potatoes |
250 |
95 |
35 |
|
Onions |
80 |
60 |
34 |
|
Watermelon |
60 |
50 |
30 |
|
Tomatoes |
150 |
90 |
75 |
|
Cabbage
|
900 |
725 |
350 |
|
Red
cabbage |
900 |
650 |
325 |
|
Cauliflower |
900 |
700 |
435 |
|
Bulgarian
pepper |
200 |
90 |
40 |
|
Apples |
60 |
35 |
15 |
|
Pear |
60 |
40 |
17 |
|
Grapes |
60 |
50 |
11 |
|
Persimmon |
40 |
30 |
10 |
As we can see, different plants can store different amounts of nitrates,
and their distribution on the plant itself is also not uniform. Knowing zone of
the various bodies with a high content of nitrates used in foods can greatly
reduce the amount of nitrates entering the body of humans and animals. Nitrites
- products recovery of nitrates is very toxic, they cause different diseases
and severe poisoning leads to death. Therefore, a necessary security measure of
production is the reduction of nitrates in the horticultural and vegetable
products.
Literature:
1. Sokolov O. A., "Nitrates - under control",
"Science and life" ¹3, 1988.
2. Zhestkov N.N. Tremasov M.I., Toxicological
evaluation of nitrates and nitrites // veterinary medicine. - 2005. - ¹6. -
P.8-12.
3. Zhukova G.F., Methods of determination of
nitrates and nitrites in food products: review // G.F. Zhukova M.: VNIITE Agroprom, 1989. – P.34.