Boiko H.H.

Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Postgraduate Education of

the State Establishment “Dnipropetrovsk Medical Academy»

of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine

CHILDREN WITH DENTAL DISEASES AMONG THE HOSPITALIZED PATIENTS OF THE DEPARTMENT OF DENTAL SURGERY.

Abstract. The author makes an analysis of dental diseases in children, who were inpatients at the department of dental surgery of the Kryvyi Rih City Hospital no. 2 during one year. The author also shows the correlation between the number of pediatric patients and the total number of dental patients, treated during the same period as inpatients; defines the types of maxillofacial pathology in children, depending on their age, as well as the specific features of their disease.

Keywords.           Pathology of maxillofacial area, groups of patients, medical case history.

Children’s dental health is one of the priority issues of the medical dental community of Ukraine. Significant spreading of caries causes the increased share of its complications (Savychuk N.O.).  The spreading of major dental diseases among children tends to increase. Particularly prominent position is occupied by inflammatory diseases of maxillofacial area in children. It is caused by their significant frequency, prevalence and polymorphism of clinical manifestations; lymphadenitis, phlegmonous adenitis, odontogenic osteomyelitis and sialoadenit prevail within their structure (V.V. Rohynskyi and coauthor, P.I.Tkachenko, O.O.Timofeev). This is explained by imperfect diagnostics and many other factors, such as: unsatisfactory examinations, especially at early age, incorrect methodological approach. It is necessary to note that children get sent to hospital with wrong diagnoses, not sanitized; there are often cases of late hospitalization. These factors sometimes make it difficult to treat such patients, considering that appeared there also emerged new clinical forms that require an integrated approach to treatment.  And this problem is not only medical, but also a social one, because it is very important that breaches of immunological reactivity of the patient’s bodies are often caused by substandard and unbalanced diets, low level of social and living conditions, worsening of environmental conditions.  

Purpose. To study the prevalence of diseases maxillofacial area in children of different ages, who were admitted as inpatients of the department of dental surgery of the Kryvyi Rih City Hospital no. 2 during one year.

We analyzed the type of pathology of the maxillofacial area in children relative to adults, according to different age categories, and causes that led to hospitalization.

Examination results and their discussion. Over a complete year from September 01, 2013 until September 01, 2014 the department of dental surgery (that has 30 beds available) admitted and treated 219 pediatric patients under 17 years old. Compared with the adults that constituted 1,945 people during the same period, pediatric patients accounted for 11.2 percent of cases.

In order to determine the structure of diseases of the maxillofacial area in children, we divided them into three age groups:

-                     The first group included children under 7 years of age;

-                     The second group included children from 8 to 12 years of age;

-                     The third group included children from 13 to 17 years of age.

Table 1. Prevalence of diseases maxillofacial area among the children, admitted as inpatients of the department of dental surgery, depending on their age.

 

 

Prevalence of diseases depending on age

Age of the examined inpatients

 

under 7 years

8 – 12 years

13 – 17 years

absol.

%

absol.

%

absol.

%

109

 

49.8

46

21

64

29.2

 

As we can see from Table 1, in absolute numbers and in percentage terms children under 7 years of age (group 1) constituted a significant majority – 109 cases among the admitted inpatients of the department, which makes 49.8 % of them. The second group includes only 46 children – 21%, and the third group is represented by 64 cases, which made 29.2 %.

Prevalence of the maxillofacial pathology among the examined children. Table no. 2 reflects the types of diseases of the maxillofacial area among the children who were admitted as inpatients.

Table 2. Prevalence of pathology in the groups of examined inpatients.

No.

in order

 

Type of pathology

Groups of the examined inpatients

                  1 gr.

2 gr.

3 gr.

absol.

%

absol.

%

absol.

%

1.

Odontogenous inflammatory diseases

61

56

29

63

25

39

2.

Inflammatory diseases of soft tissues

6

5.5

4

8.7

9

 

14

3.

Maxillofacial injuries

22

20.2

4

8.7

18

 

28.1

4.

TMJ diseases

-

-

-

 

3

4.7

5.

Short tongue frenulum

13

11.8

1

2.2

-

-

6.

Neoplasms of the maxillofacial area

3

2.8

5

10.8

4

6.2

7.

Bleeding after tooth extraction

3

2.8

1

2.2

1

1.6

8.

Odontogenic antritis

-

 

-

 

1

1.6

9.

Diseases of the salivary glands

-

 

-

 

1

1.6

10.

Dirofilariasis

-

 

1

2.2

2

3.2

11.

Foreign objects

1

0.9

1

2.2

-

 

 

 The most common pathology is odontogenous inflammatory diseases of the maxillofacial area, where causal and dairy teeth with alternating occlusion constituted 61 cases (53.1%), and causal teeth with permanent occlusion – 54 cases, or 46.9 %. A significant share belongs to maxillofacial injuries – 44 cases (20,8 5), mainly represented by the injuries of soft.

Inflammatory diseases of soft tissues were detected in 20 cases (8.7%).

It is noteworthy to mention the cases of children’s dirofilariasis (3 cases), which was confirmed by laboratory tests.

The causes of hospitalization with a post-extraction bleeding (5 cases) were irregularities in the patient’s blood coagulation systems.

Neoplasms in the maxillofacial area constituted 5 cases (2.3 %).

The table shows that Odontogenous inflammatory diseases were most common for the children in the 1st and the 2nd group of the examined inpatients, which accordingly makes 56 and 63 percents. Inflammatory diseases of soft tissues made 14 percents. Mainly, those were complicated cases of furuncles in the maxillofacial area.

The third group was characterized by a significant number of injuries and most of them were bone fractures of the lower jaw and zygomatic bone.

Neoplasms were found more often among the children of the 2nd group, and the third group revealed the presence of odontogenic antritis and sialoadenitis.

Conclusions. Thus, through analysis of pathologies of maxillofacial area of the children, who were admitted as inpatients of the department of dental surgery during one year, it is seen that:

1.                The number of children's contingent made 11.2% of all the hospitalized patients.

2.                The primary pathologies were odontogenous inflammatory diseases of the maxillofacial area, and the largest number of them was found among the children who were 8 to 12 years of age.

3.                Injuries were more typical for the third group of the examined inpatients, consisting of adolescents from 14 to 17 years of age.

List of references.

1. Ostapko O.I. Scientific substantiation of ways and methods of prevention of the major dental diseases among children in regions with different levels of environmental contamination: Author’s abstract of thesis of a doctor of medical sciences: 14.01.22 – Dentistry / O.I. Ostapko; O.O. Bogomolets National Medical University. – Kyiv, 2011. – 36 p.

2. Inflammatory diseases of the children’s maxillofacial area. Edited by Prof. V.V. Rohynskyi. – Moscow. “Detstomizdat”, 1998. – 272 p.

3. Savychuk N.O. Innovative approaches to prevention of dental caries in children and pregnant women. / N.O. Savychuk /. Modern Dentistry no. 5, 2013. P. 50-53.

4. Timofeev O.O. Maxillofacial Surgery. Kyiv. The All-Ukrainian specialized publishing “Medicine”, 2011. – 751 p.

5. Tkachenko P.I. Pathogenetic features of inflammatory processes of the children’s maxillofacial area and differentiated approaches to their treatment: Author’s abstract of thesis of a doctor of medical sciences: 14.01.22 – Dentistry / P.I.Tkachenko; Ukrainian Medical and Dental Academy.  Poltava. – 1998. – 38 p.