Chornovol V. B., Ladieva L. R.
National technical university of Ukraine “Igor
Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute”
AUTOMATION SYSTEM FOR
HYDROTREATING OF DISTILLATE PRODUCTS IN THE VAPOR PHASE
The main goal of
the hydrotreating
process distillate products is improve quality of this products
by removing unwanted components such as
sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen,
organometallic
compounds and resinous substances, unsaturated compounds.
Hydrotreatment
of the distillate includes a reactor block consisting of the furnace and of the
one reactor, the system of stabilization of refined products, removal of
hydrogen sulfide from the circulating gas, and leaching of a sulfide of a
distillate. The process is carried out in the stationary layer of the catalyst alucobaltmolybdenum.
There is a large
number of sulfide in the circulating gas, in result reduced efficiency of hydrotreating, so it is
removed from the gas. One of the methods of sulfur removal is based on washing
of gas by metanolamin.
The figure shows an absorber in which is happening a hydrotreating process.
After passing the stage of preliminary purification
from liquid and mechanical admixtures in the separator, gas-liquid mixture
enters the absorber. On entering the absorber is a flow divider, in which there
is a partial separation of liquid droplets from the gas. The separated
liquid through the opening in the dispenser drains into the portion of the
absorber with the leftovers.
The gas passes through a plate of expanded metal sheet
(for more uniform gas distribution over the cross section of the absorber),
through the steam pipes deaf plates and enters the mass-transfer section, where
it is contacting with the regenerated absorbent that flowing downwards.
The scheme of
the absorber
As a result of contact of the gas with the absorbent, there is
happening the process of extracting moisture from the gas to the dew point
temperature on the water: summer – minus 10 °C, and in winter minus 20 °C (at a
pressure of ≈ 7,6 MPa) and saturation of the absorbent to a given
concentration. The values of these parameters must be strictly constant, which
necessitates the development of automatic control system.
One of the important applications of hydrotreating
is the production of diesel fuel from the corresponding distillates of
sulphuric oils. As the initial distillate typically use kerosene-gas oil
fractions with a boiling temperature of 180...330 °C, 180...360 °C and 240..360
°C (standard acceleration method). Exit stable diesel fuel with sulfur content
not exceeding 0.2% (wt.) Is 97% (wt.). By-products of the hydrotreating process
there is fuel with low-octane, hydrocarbon gas, hydrogen sulfide and gas that
containing hydrogen.
Черножуков
Н. И.
Технология переработки нефти и газа. Часть 3. Очистка и разделение нефтяного
сырья, производство товарных нефтепродуктов / Черножуков Н. И.; Под ред. А. А. Гуреева и Б. И. Бондаренко.
– 6-е изд., пер. и доп. – М.: Химия, 1978 г.