Author: Toktarbekova Aidana Erbolovna
1st year student of the Kazakh State Pedagogical
University
Tyutor: Isembaeva Latipa
Environmental Pollution
People have
always polluted their surroundings. But until now pollution was not such a
serious problem. People lived in uncrowned rural areas and did not have pollution — causing machines. With the
development of crowded industrial cities
which put huge
amounts of pollutants into small areas, the problem has become more important. Automobiles and other new inventions
make pollution steadily worse. Since the late 1960's people have become alarmed
with the danger of pollution. Air, water, and soil are necessary for existence
of all living things. But polluted air can cause illness, and even death.
Polluted water kills fish and other marine life. On polluted soil, food cannot
be grown. In addition environmental pollution spoils the natural beauty of our
planet. Pollution is as complicated as serious problem. Automobiles are
polluting the air but they provide transportation for the people. Factories
pollute the air and the water but they provide jobs for people and produce
necessary goods. Fertilizers and pesticides are important for growing crops but
they can ruin soil. Thus,
people would have to stop using many useful things if they wanted to end
pollution immediately. Most people do not want that of course. But pollution
can be reduced gradually. Scientists and engineers can find the ways to reduce
pollution from automobiles and factories. Government can pass the laws that
would make enterprises take measures for reducing of pollution. Individuals and
groups of people can work together to persuade enterprises to stop polluting
activities. Whilst urban-dwelling individuals who seek out parks and gardens
appear to intuitively understand the personal health and well-being benefits
arising from ‘contact with nature’, public health strategies are yet to
maximize the untapped resource nature provides, including the benefits of
nature contact as an upstream health promotion intervention for populations.
This paper presents a summary of empirical, theoretical and anecdotal evidence
drawn from a literature review of the human health benefits of contact with
nature. Initial findings indicate that nature plays a vital role in human
health and well-being, and that parks and nature reserves play a significant
role by providing access to nature for individuals. Implications suggest
contact with nature may provide an effective population-wide strategy in
prevention of mental ill health, with potential application for
sub-populations, communities and individuals at higher risk of ill health.
Recommendations include further investigation of ‘contact with nature’ in
population health, and examination of the benefits of nature-based interventions.
To maximize use of ‘contact with nature’ in the health promotion of
populations, collaborative strategies between researchers and primary health,
social services, urban planning and environmental management sectors are
required. This approach offers not only an arugmentation of existing health
promotion and prevention activities, but provides the basis for a
socio-ecological approach to public health that incorporates environmental
sustainability. As many as 159 countries — members of the UNO — have set up
environmental protection agencies. Numerous conferences have been held by these
agencies to discuss problems facing ecologically poor regions including the
Aral Sea, the South Urals, Kuzbass, Donbass, Semipalatinsk and Chernobyl. An
international environmental research centre has been set up on Lake Baikal. The
international organisation Greenpeace is
also doing much to preserve the environment. But these are only the initial steps and they must be carried onward to protect nature, to
save life on the planet not only for the sake of the present but also for the
future generations.
Today, even in a
relatively affluent European countries, where the formula "warned
forearmed" in relation to the environment - these are the realities of
everyday life, because of air pollution people lose an average of nine months
of life. Almaty is extremely needed constant monitoring of air pollution that
will give the necessary information to begin preventive action. However,
according to the Kazakh activists of the movement "Green Salvation",
Kazakh citizens defenseless before the environmental problem. Collected by
government agencies today information is not complete and operational.
Independent examination of the quality of water, soil, air, non-state actors
have a license, most people can not pay, because it is very expensive. At the
local level due to lack of funding the competent authorities are not able to
identify all kinds of pollutants in soil, water, air. Therefore, they have to
be limited to collecting only the information which is provided by polluters,
which does not allow an objective picture of environmental pollution.
The official noted
that the main problem of environmental pollution Almaty remains, although a
slight improvement in 2009 compared to 2008 was observed (some are inclined to
attribute it to the effects of the crisis, in particular, on the frozen
construction in the city, has a definite value and input operational transport
interchanges, reducing the likelihood of congestion - the results of
measurements on the interchanges concentration of harmful substances reduced by
an average of 11%).
Main emissions
account for vehicles - registered in Almaty 525 thousand. Cars emitting up to
190 thousand tons of harmful substances
into the atmosphere. Nonresident transport an average of 200 thousand units per day. Authorities are trying to tighten control
over the technical condition of machines and their level of toxicity. In 2009,
following the results of inspection were not allowed to operate 5,000 cars.
Қолданылған адебиеттер:
1. sante.kz
› Пресс-Центр
3. Алматы ақшамы 09.06.14ж
Түйіндеме
Жалпы дүние жүзіндегі эқологиялық
мәселелер.Біздің қалаыздағы экологиялық ластану
проблемалары және оның алдын алу шаралары туралы.
Резюме
Экологические
проблемы в мире. Проблемы экологических загризнении в нашем городе и приминение
меры.