PROFESSIONALLY ORIENTED TEXTS IN A FOREIGN LANGUAGE AS

AN INTEGRAL PART IN TRAINING OF MODERN SPECIALISTS

S.Rustemova., M. Baigoshkarova.,B.Alimzhanova

Senior lecturers of S.Seifullin

Kazakh Agrotechnical University

Kazakhstan., Astana

The study of a foreign language in higher educational institutions is an integral part of complex program of training of modern specialists. A small amount of hours is given to the course of a foreign language in agrotechnical universities. Therefore, to solve the question of effective study of this subject can be only through the intensification of the educational process increasing the motivation to study a foreign language and development of professional skills of the students, which, in its time, has a positive effect of language competence. Nowadays specialists have to get acquainted with the large volume of printed information in a foreign language and to process the data, so knowledge of languages has become a helper, and a special means of mastering the information. Each year, the importance of scientific information is significantly increased, the volume of the world's scientific literature is enlarged. With the rapid development of science there is the question of effective study of a foreign language and mastering this knowledge by the specialists.

Foreign language is necessary to study in accordance with the needs of a specific profession, i.e. the acquisition of language skills should be professionally oriented. The program from English language for higher educational institutions of requires the ability to read the original literature by specialty with the purpose of accumulation of necessary professional information. This is namely the goal how to study reading in foreign language: reading must be an educational process, contributing the development of aesthetic taste of the future agricultural specialists. Studying this subject, the student has the opportunity to get knowledge from his profession deeply. Teach how to read in a foreign language is very important in the agricultural institutions, because in the process of reading can be successfully solved the problems of practical, educational and aesthetic values.

The practical value of reading is in the sphere of professional interests of the future specialist; in addition, students improve their general knowledge of a foreign language. This training allows not only getting information, but also gives the possibility to master other types of speech activity. With regard to the educational value of reading, this process involves not only the perception of the content of the texts, it is always linked with additional task to communicative effective tasks. Professionally directed study of a foreign language can contribute to the formation of a future specialist, which requires knowledge about the activities of the agricultural authorities in different countries. Gaining new knowledge about the agricultural sector of the country the student becomes more intelligent in the field of his specialty that deepens the aesthetic perception of the surrounding world. Educational value of reading is mental, moral, aesthetic, ideological and labor education.

The implementation of the reading’s principle as a cognitive process provides a number of requirements that are directly related to reading materials and methods of work on the development of the productive skills of reading. They include such requirements as a deep understanding of the content of the texts, awareness of their practical importance for the students, the degree of accessibility, promoting the solution of certain tasks that require the ability to compare the facts and events, as well as the analysis of linguistic phenomena in the texts, if you experience some difficulties in understanding the content.

Special attention should be paid to the selection of the texts’ topics. When selecting the themes of the texts we must comply with agricultural orientation, but the text must be specific in the content, quality characteristics and features. One of the main criteria for the selection of reading material must be its practical benefits. Practical knowledge of a foreign language is in graduate’s using the acquired language knowledge in their real communicative activity that is determined by the specifics of the future specialist’s work.

The selection of language material depends on specific conditions: the aim of the study, the type of speech activity, level of training, the period of training, the nature of the material that is selected.

The selection of the texts for reading should be determined by the purpose of

training in a foreign language and the actual cap abilities of the students. They should be selected very carefully and thoughtfully due to the general language and its values. It is necessary to take into account the need to educate the aesthetic culture, to enter into the educational material concept of beauty that will promote the development of the aesthetic taste of the students.

At the initial stages of reading literature in the original language the particular importance has the principle of availability.

The meaning of the text should be accessible and interesting, it must contribute to the development of student’s attention and memory. Linguistically, there should not be many difficulties that are difficult to translate, as well as a large number of rarely used terms. When reading the original texts, students must rely on linguistic theory, which is based on the potential student’s vocabulary. As known potential vocabulary consists of international, multivalued derivatives, complex, convertible

words and phraseological units. When the students get used to the original texts and better oriented in the structure of the sentence, they refer to dictionaries less, which significantly increases the efficiency of work with text and contributes to the development of the productive skills of reading.

Let us read the following sample of the special text known as “The profession of an architect” and let’s examine the stages of work with it.

The architect is a person trained and experienced in the design of buildings and the coordination and supervision of all aspects of the construction of buildings.

When the architect designs a structure, he uses the cumulative knowledge of centuries. Working to the architect's design are many consultant experts - structural engineers, services engineers and other sub-contracted specialists.

The architect function now extend into town planning and work activities that need buildings.

Town planning or urbanism is the preparation of plans for the regulated growth and improvement of towns or the organization of land and buildings for group living. It is a cooperative process in which architects, economists, engineers, lawyers, landscape architects, doctors, sociologists, surveyors or topographers and other specialists take part.

In town planning there are different street patterns: gridiron, radial, ring and functional ( or organic).

According to the International Union of Architect (IUA or UIA) at present there are more than 800.000 fully qualified architects in the world. In the highly developing countries there is one architect per two or three thousand people. In the developer countries there is only one architect per 500,000 or 1,000,000 people.

The architect's sphere of knowledge is constantly expanding. He has to combine art, advanced technology, science and economics in his work. The structure an architect creates should give us pleasure, sense of beauty.

The main problem facing the architect today is to avoid any conflict with nature and landmarks of by-gone days.

We suggest the following exercises to the given text:

1. Complete the following sentences using the words given below:

1) According to August Perret the architect… order in the … variety of nature.

2) The architect is an expert experienced in the… of all aspects of the… of buildings.

3) The architect uses the cumulative … of centuries.

4) The architect should consult many experts such as structural engineers, services engineers, and other … specialists.

5) City planners … town and regulate their … .

6) There are different street … such as radial, ring or circular, functional and … .

sub-contracted; improve; gridiron; creates; patterns; growth; construction; supervision; knowledge; picturesque

2.Replace the words and word combinations in italics (A) by their contextual synonyms (B):

A 1) The architect is a person who designs buildings.

2) Town planning is the preparation of plans for the regulated growth and improvement of towns.

3) City design is the organization of land and buildings for group living.

4) The main problem for the architect today is to avoid any conflict with nature and the landmarks of by-gone days.

5) The architect uses the cumulative knowledge of centuries.

B man; schemes; nowadays; structures; environment; collective; urbanism; city; territory; design; development; basic; elaboration; modernization; old centuries; concern; architectural monuments

3.Answer the following questions:

1) What are the architect's functions?

2) What specialists help the architect to design structures?

3) What is town planning?

4) Why is urban design a cooperative process?

5) What street patterns are there in urbanism?

6) What specialists take part in town design?

7) How is the architect's sphere of knowledge expanding at present?

8) What is the main problem facing the architect today?

4.Speak on the topic: "I've chosen architecture as a career because…"

Highlight at least 5 points which make profession so attractive.

5.Read the text using a dictionary. Give your reason that architect must possess the knowledge in different sciences

In the process of work with the text the teacher must provide the following:

an anxiety-free environment in which students feel comfortable taking risks and trying new ways of reading;

• friendly pressure in the form of persuasion and timing;

• positive examples of how to approach a text;

• a model for the kind of thinking that good reading requires.

• an inspiring example of an enthusiastic reader. Making the Reading Class Exciting and Effective

General principles:

• One of your primary aims should be to make reading enjoyable for the students. The reading class must always involve them fully and never be allowed to turn into “busy work.”

• Make the students aware of the purpose of their work. This will in-crease their sense of involvement and allow them to become more active learners (increasing their cognitive awareness).

• Always focus on the thinking process and not on the “right answers.” The answer itself matters far less than how the student arrives at an answer. Encourage students to take this same approach by frequently asking “Why?” or “How can you tell?” or “How do you know?” As the students are required repeatedly to articulate answers to these questions, they become more conscious of their own thinking processes.

• Ask the students to work in pairs whenever possible, especially on the Comprehension Skills exercises. Talking about the exercises and explaining their reasoning can reinforce the students’ awareness of process and purpose. It also facilitates language acquisition.

• Emphasize the importance of trying to guess the meaning of words from the context. Students should be discouraged from using dictionaries during the reading class or while doing their reading homework.

• When students work individually, allow them to work at their own pace. In these exercises, speed should be encouraged, but each student must determine what that speed will be. Faster students should not have to wait for slower group mates, and slower readers should not be pressed too hard or they may become anxious and incapable of comprehending.

References

1.Professionally oriented texts in a foreign language is an integral part of modern specialists’ training. Orel. V.Tregub S.Ye. Zaporizhzhya State Medical University.Zaporizhzhya (Ukraine)

2.Мельник В.М.Искусство быстрого иинтенсивногочтения: [текст] / В.М.

Мельник-К.1990. с157

3. И. В. Зайцева.Architecture.Методические указания по английскому языку

Рекомендовано к изданию Редакционно-издательским советом государственным образовательным учреждением высшего профессионального образования - «Оренбургский государственный университет»

Оренбург 2003

4.Education in multicultural world [2003]. UNESCO Education Position Paper, pp. 32,33