Ученая степень, звание: Кандидат филологических наук
Место работы, должность: Доцент кафедры русской и мировой
литературы
Казахского государственного национального педагогического
университета имени Абая (КазНПУ им.Абая), Казахстан, г.Алматы
THE SECRET
OF THE HARRY POTTER OF J. ROWLING
Аннотация
В данной статье
рассматривается проблема авторской идеи и способы ее выражения в прозе Роулинг.
Ключевые слова: герой, культура,
концепт, бинарная оппозиция, метод, контраст, картина мира, философский камень.
Annotation
This article observes the problem author’s adea and
the ways of its representation in the works of Rowling
Keywords: hero, culture, concept, binary opposition, method, contrast, a picture description of the world, philosophical
stone.
In culture of XX centuries the binary
opposition - is "one of universal means of world's knowledge. The outward
things are dual and qualified, first of all, by the physiological reasons. The
brain of human consists from two hemispheres fulfilling various functions: The
person have two eyes, two ears, two hands and two legs. In phonology of XX
centuries the Binary opposition is applied in all structural humanitarian
researches" (S.N. Trubetskoj). The binary opposition has been successfully
applied for a picture description of the world.
life – death happiness - misfortune
right - left well - bad
close - far past - future
here - there high -low [1]
Inability of people in full to study outward things
compensated by binary adding's. Thereupon on that is based the culture logical
of JU.M. Lotman's concept. Special meaning of binary opposition has in author's
fairy tales as a special manner of repercussion realism and contraposition its
contrast, invented to the world of fairy tales. For example, in story of
"Harry Potter and a philosophical stone" written by J. Rowling, the
real world sharply are contrast with the world of wizards which contemptuously
call a usual people as "magly". In their understanding the "magly"
can not be positive and an example to that is a family of Durslej because of
orphan Harry Potter compelled to live with them.
The problem such as orphanage has their own history in
the English literature like: a hero Oliver Twist in the same novel, and a hero
Pol in the novel "Domb and son" of Ch. Dickens he has shown a fates
of orphans in rich and poor families: everywhere it was hard without mother's
their grateful and selflessly love.
Hero Harry Potter also to suffer indignity and insults
from relatives - "magls", i.e. being obviously the lowest essences,
stupid and spiteful. Therefore a hero Harry Potter constantly grieves about his
lost parents - wizards and he look for meet with them in mirror Sinalezh, take
the risk of life and so on: just his love to parents is too strong. Harry
Potter always feels their invisible presence wants to be with them because of
tired of his orphan fate. The boy have striven to be find out circumstances of
their death, not meet with approval from adults even their understanding.
As far as his enemy was all-powerful, and even his
name there was impossible to say aloud Volan-de-Mort. The author J. Rowling
used a safe traditional method, having allowed weak but fearless hero as a
child to win the omnipotent opponent even the adults were afraid and did not
dare to fight with him. The love to both of parents and friends has made an
image of the main hero as humane and charming and here have showed again the
original binary opposition like: "a children - and adults" where the
author gives preference to the first one and may be for this reason why a books
about Harry Potter are popular among children: children are most grateful and
strict reader so Most of all they are appreciate sincerity and kindness has
written in belles-lettres.
In binary opposition such as "wizards -
"magly" a former provided to be on inaccessible height to the last.
But "magly"are supposed just wizards, on the contrary of worthless
that why they were ashamed of relationship with them: “Mr. Dursl’ has decided,
that there is no need to do disturb Mrs. Dursl, especially because she always
was awfully be sad, when the matter concerns her sister [2].
Mr. Dursl did not reproach with the wife - if he had
such sister as Mrs. Dursl Such mutual dislike and full misunderstanding each
other, denying of another’s values have painfully affected, first of all, on
Harry Potter: the aunt and uncle carefully hide from him, that he is a wizard,
and also terrorized for a belonging himself to a cohort of wizards. Wizards
were too irreconcilable to "magls" and being believe in that their
inferior essences. Harry Potter, being a wizard, for the first time has felt
happy only inter pares. Only among wizards he got a friends and patrons, and one
of them was Dambldor. In spite of the fact that the main enemy among "maglels”
- was son Durslej - Dudley, at last he has presented to him a tails, having
emphasized his animal beginning.
Though that Hogorts as antiworld adversarial to the
world of "magls" with their low frightfully and where is too possible
to get in only from a magic platform number nine and three, and four. The
original binary opposition is also on one's hands: the world of low Dursley and
wizards, which (is especial children) with delight getting a hero Harry Potter.
Because for them he is as legendary hero'- the savior. Harry Potter hardly gets
used to the new world and to his position therein. Having changed the worlds,
Harry Potter has got more high social status.
But also among wizards not all so appeared smoothly
for the main hero among children his enemy - contender become a Drako Mai Phoy
with Kreb'sandGoyl, and among adults - Cvirell, whose face has got the
Volan-de-Mort. The main binary opposition became such images as Harry Potter
and Volant-de-Mort in struggle for a philosophical stone with miraculous kind
is like: "o.. it can give so much money and so much years of a life as you
wish for. That is two things which first of all will choose any person. But a
trouble that people, as a rule, that a choose for them is the worst" [3].
In an image of main enemy of Harry Potter had embodied
a universal evil and the savior of the world became the child, that especially
attract it to the readers as children, pleased to one's superiority over adults
even in a format of a fairy tale. In fact only genre opportunities of a fairy
tale allow to children to feel themselves an omnipotent and self-sufficient,
that are developing in them self-esteem and self- respect and it quite answers
of modern requirements to the art as to psychotherapy soul therapy and healing
from a evil.
The main attributes of the fantastic world are magic
essences. First of all in the given story is three-head huge dog to stand guard
of a philosophical stone. But he could not save it, because was more weaker
than brave Harry Potter hold by a will to victory over dark forces. The other
fantastic essence in this story is dragon Norbert who has got Hagrid even in
spite of exclusion principle but fall for provocation: i hardly was necessary
to get rid of a dragon to be avoid punishment for the illegal keep of a dragon.
Paradox, but episode with Hagrid which could not cope with a small dragon is
the most cheerful. Touching attachment to the uncontrolled dragon with bearded
giant because of a dragon grown from day to day are creates here aspecial
atmosphere of kindness. The antithesis in image of Hagrid makes him one of the
brightest and remembering: the frightening kind and the sympathetic heart over
flying with love to friends and dog and Norbert.
Besides magic essences in this story is to much a
magic subjects such as: magic wands, brooms for kviddich game, hat, cup of
darkness, etc. Almost all of them had stand a Harry Potter's in good stead of
his hard struggle for validity. The character of the main hero is formed in
difficult conditions where he should make important decisions. The Harry
Potter's unhappy childhood has forced him early become adult and be able to
distinguish a kindness from evil. The independence of Harry Potter is very
impress for children. Especially for those who tired from excessive parents'
care and deprived of freedom of a choice.
The binary opposition can be found out in hero
Hogvard: the castle where the school had located in Forbidden wood. The
forbidden wood was to be fraught with danger, therefore to pupils of wizards
was forbidden to go there. But Harry Potter with Ron and Germiona had visited
that way for to get it truth. In Forbidden wood the Harry Potter has got
acquainted with centaurs and a unicorn.
Use by the author of characters from antique mythology
does not promote to creation of specific national realities: even the Forbidden
wood because of that did not become as the Greek territory. Also, as well as
presence of such characters as: three-head dog and a unicorn and a dragon had
been occurring in mythology of many peoples. Most of all the author have
admired with the beauty of a unicorn as a most mysterious mythological essence:
"the unicorn was with long svelte legs and pearl color of name" [4],
the Centaur Florens has explained to Harry the reason of murder of unicorn:
"...Murder of a unicorn suppose to be as monstrous crime. Only the one who
has nothing to lose and have been aspiring to a full victory are capable to
make such crime. The blood of a unicorn will save a life, even if the person
being on the verge of death... But the person dearly will pay for it, if he
dare to kill such fine and defenseless essence for the own life-saving since
that moment as blood of a unicorn will touch his lips then he will be
damned" [5].
Putting into art text so many of magic essences and
things in the given story work as for action reinforcement and greater dramatic
nature and get a pleasure of a victory over extreme difficulties while a way of
the main hero - the child had to withstand the test with dignity and fearlessness.
The binary opposition was firstly in relations between
Harry and Ron and Hermiona she was obedient and diligent schoolgirl, therefore
annoyed a willful boys. But when they were threatened with the out from the
school because of case with the troll with whom the Harry Potter independently
has overcome and after the Hermiona was taken the blame upon oneself:
"since this moment HermionaGleydjer became their friend. There are events,
having gone through which, it is necessary to feel drawn to each other and the
victory over the four-meters mountain Troll, undoubtedly concerned to such
events" [6]. In these story fantastic essences, improbable magic subjects
and events with rather real feelings and relationship between characters
wonderfully were amazing deeply intertwined. Evolution of mutual relations of
heroes has logically relevant consequently so convincing: they are grouped
depending from both of their interests and life's outlook.
Also has been evolving Harry Potter from social
outcast up to an idol of wizards, from the lone person up to the most popular
Hogvard's pupil: "So, except for these mysterious strangers the Harry has
nothing even friends too. In the school everybody knew, that Dudley's friends
had hated strange Harry Potter always dressed in baggy secondhand clothes and
walking over in broken glasses because ofthey preferred do not quarrel with
Dudley" [7]. After some time when the Harry becomes self-confident young
wizard, he had dreamt to get even with Dudley: "my relative in fact do not
know that on vacation is forbidden to us to resort to magic. So, this summer I
shall have fun with Dudley..." [8].
As in the given story the main heroes - are children,
so as important role in this story has a game. The author has thought up a new
magic game - such as "kviddish” that simultaneously is an entertainment
and competition between the main thing heroes - opponents. Symbolically, that
exactly the Harry Potter became the best player - the winner. In game had
triumphed over ideals of good thing and validity.
Exactly through the game have happened a
self-affirmation of the positiveherowhich
not at once to be master of the player. The victory over game have to proceeds
to a victory of heroes over a life too. That in a way come like a reparation
for the vital struggle being making as a basis for living of Harry Potter in
view of his sharply reacting to any injustice.
Thus, the games come as some kind of synthesis of reality
and fabulousness, as an element of the truth in fantastic realities so that
fairy tale witha life cometo closely. It is a paradox,
but not only in folklore but also in author fairy tales of people have been
aiming to create a special world which surprising not only by fantastic
essences and magic subjects, but first of all be embodied ideals of beauty,
kindness and validity.
Therefore probably that why the reality does not suited
everybody, but the fairy tale has an opportunity when a dream come truth, to get
relaxation and entertainment, i.e., it is like original psychotherapy. Just such
approach to art today has obtained special popularity among cultural workers
which are looking for a new ways of art development. But stories about Harry
Potter cannot be call as sedative, so as always there is a death and bloody
fight but most bloody was in the last book: "The author J. Rowling during
several years have excited readers that in last book about Harry Potter or his
enemy Lord Volan-de-Mort will be lost. But nobody thought that he will be lost
at once. The last book began most bloody among all seven" [9].
Thus, the binary opposition as a universal remedy of
world knowledge was rather realized in the novels about Harry Potter. Author used
all extensive opportunities of an author's fairy tale with its unique
originality and synthesis of real and magic was able that makes its especially
attractive for children piously trusting in existence of fantastic world and
his heroes. This naivety and trustfulness are attributes of cleanliness
probable only at an early age, which associate with fine fairy tales. In fact
of childhood and fairy tales - concepts are related to each other.
1.
The culture field. -
Almaty, 2003, p. 358.
2.
Rowling J.K. "Harry
Potter and philosophical stone". - M., 2002, p. 8.
3.
Rowling J.K. "Harry
Potter and philosophical stone". - M., 2002, p. 383.
4.
Rowling J.K. "Harry
Potter and philosophical stone". - M., 2002, p. 332.
5.
Rowling J.K. "Harry
Potter and philosophical stone". - M., 2002, p. 335.
6.
Rowling J.K. "Harry
Potter and philosophical stone". - M., 2002, p. 220.
7.
Rowling J.K. "Harry
Potter and philosophical stone". - M., 2002, p. 40.
8.
Rowling J.K. "Harry
Potter and philosophical stone". - M., 2002, p. 398.
9.
Kanygin P.P. "Harry
Potter on wave of.... Newspaper.- "New newspaper", N28 (116),
2007-20/27 of July.