Экономические науки/2. Финансы и банковское дело

Fedoseeva J.S.

Vlasova I.A.

Donetsk National University of Economics and Trade named after M. Tugan-Baranovsky

THE LEGAL STATUS AND FUNCTIONS OF THE BANK OF UKRAINE

The problem of the functions of the National Bank of Ukraine is a very actual, especially for people, whom touch by the crisis, because they must know contemporary situation in the banks area and the main part of the National Bank of Ukraine here.

The legal status of the National Bank of Ukraine and the principles of its organization and activities are determined by the Constitution of Ukraine and the Law of Ukraine "On the National Bank of Ukraine".

The National Bank of Ukraine is a legal entity with separated property, which is the object of the state property. Its authorized capital amounts to UAH 10 million and is the state-owned property which is in the full economic competence of the National Bank.

According to Article 99 of the Constitution of Ukraine, adopted in 1996, the main function of the country's central bank is to ensure stability of monetary unit - the Hryvnia. To carry out its main function, the National Bank shall foster the stability of the banking system and, within its competence, the price stability.

According to the Law of Ukraine "On the National Bank of Ukraine", the National Bank is the central bank of Ukraine, a specific central body of the state administration, its issuing center which pursue common state policy in money circulation, credit, strengthening of monetary unit; it coordinates functioning of the banking system in general; determines exchange rate of the monetary unit against foreign currencies. The National Bank determines a kind of bank notes, their denomination, distinctive features and their protection system. The National Bank of Ukraine ensures the accumulation and custody of the gold and currency reserves and the conduction of transactions with them and the banking metals. The National Bank of Ukraine sets up the order of determining a discount rate and other interest rates; it gives permission for commercial banks' registration and licenses banking business; determines the standard of emergency funds for commercial banks and other financial and credit institutions.

According to the Constitution of Ukraine, the main function of the National Bank is to ensure the stability of Ukraine's monetary unit. To carry this out the National Bank fosters the stability of the banking system and, within its competence, price stability.

The National Bank also carries out the following functions:

- to determine and pursue the monetary policy in accordance with the General Principles of the Monetary Policy developed by the Council of the National Bank of Ukraine;

- to issue the national currency of Ukraine on a monopoly basis and to organize its circulation;

- to establish the rules of conducting banking transactions, accounting and reporting, protection of the information, funds and property for the banks and other financial and credit institutions;

- to organize and to provide the methodological support to the system of the monetary, crediting and banking statistical information and the statistics of the balance of payments;

- to determine the areas of the development of modern electronic banking technologies, to establish, co-ordinate and control the creation of electronic means of payment, payment system, banking automation and the banking information protection facilities;

- to exercise the banking regulation and supervision;

- to keep a Register of banks, their branch and representative offices, currency exchanges and financial and credit institutions, to license banking business and transactions, if provided for by the laws;.

- to compile, analyze and forecast the balance of payments;

- to represent Ukraine's interests in central banks of other states, international banks and other crediting institutions, where the cooperation takes place at the level of central banks;

- to exercise the currency regulation with the competence to be defined by a special law, to determine the procedure of effecting payments in the foreign currency, to organise and exercise the currency control over the commercial banks and other credit institutions which are in possession of a National Bank's license for the transactions with currency values;

- to ensure the accumulation and custody of the gold and currency reserves and the conduction of transactions with them and the banking metals;

- to analyze the status of the monetary, crediting, financial, pricing and currency relations;

- to organize the collection and transportation of bank notes, coins and other values;

- to implement the national policy of the protection of state secrets within the system of the National Bank;

- to take part in the training of personnel for Ukraine's banking system;

- to exercise other functions in the monetary and crediting sphere within its competence defined by the law.

That's why it may be said that the activity of the National Bank of Ukraine is very important, especially in the period of the crisis, because one of the main functions is to support financial stability.

Literature:

1. Gavrilenko I. The banks of Ukraine. - K: Jerelo, 2008. - 215p.

2. Kondratov T. Economical policy. - K: Jerelo, 2000. - 477c.

3. http://www.economy.gov.ua/