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Medvedeva E. V.
Ph.D. in economics
Accounting, economic analysis and audit sub-faculty Associate professor, The
Povolzhskiy Technological University of Services
CONCEPTUAL APPROACHES OF PROVISION OF A SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF THE
ENTERPRISE of a services
sector AS MANAGING SUBJECT OF ECONOMY OF REGION
Services sector development in Russia
gained the specifics against proceeding transformatsionny processes in a
national economy. While at a boundary of the end of XX and the beginning of the
XXI centuries the most developed countries of the world all more build
principles of functioning of the economic complexes in the coordinate plane of
the prevailing sphere of non-material production, in Russia this trend only
arises. So, in Russia the role industrially productions in economy is rather
high. In particular, the industry first of all extracting, builds a basis of an
economic complex which, finally, and sets the directions of development of
manufacturing industry and a services sector, and not the reverse, as in the
developed countries. The similar state of affairs, though is natural,
nevertheless, it is inverted in relation to production in the developed
countries of the world. And here it is necessary to consider that the
ustoychivy, the sphere of production of goods is more perfect and more
effective, the society and the person is richer, and the services sector role,
its balanced combination to the sphere of production of goods and return influence
on it becomes that znachimy.
At all stages of development of economy as the main
link the enterprise which in system of the economic relations is understood as
the managing subject of economy acts.
For successful development of the region it is necessary
for enterprise to pass from the adaptation and survival concept to model of a
sustainable development. Development at the enterprise of strategy of
transition to a way of a sustainable development with system of the purposes,
indicators and mechanisms of realization gets especially importance and for the
region as a whole.
It is connected with that new economic realities put
in the forefront problems of a sustainable development of the enterprise and
its ability to resist to adverse situations that causes of ensuring reliability
of each separate enterprise. Practice shows that problems existing today can't
be solved without formation of the mechanism providing a sustainable
development of the enterprise.
Depending on influence of environment, internal factors,
strategic tasks, the current specific features of the enterprise the mechanism
of a sustainable development can include a set of various elements:
organizational and administrative, technological, marketing, financial,
investment etc., considered in various aspects. When developing the mechanism
of a sustainable development of the enterprise it is necessary to pay attention
to need of the considered, weighed and qualified production management, and
also on development and realization of foreign and domestic, competitive policy
of the enterprise.
The mechanism of business management can be realized
only within a control system which provides the solution of arising problems of
the enterprise. The device of the mechanism of management depends on character
of the problems which are subject to permission.
With a view of formation of the mechanism of a
sustainable development of the enterprise the assessment of activity of the
enterprise, identification of tendencies of its development, dynamics of the
main indicators of functioning of the enterprises is necessary. Results of the
researches carried out by us give the chance to formulate the list of solved
tasks, to reveal the directions of increase of stability of development of the
enterprises and to develop the mechanism of a sustainable development of the
enterprise.
Research of possibilities for achievement of a
sustainable development of the enterprise is carried out on the basis of an
all-round assessment of its current state. As object of research we considered
the enterprises of the Samara region.
The current state and
development of the industrial enterprises is characterized by existence of
complex production and administrative problems. Weakening of a role of the
state as guarantor of stability of development, violation of production and
economic, economic and financial communications with consumers and suppliers,
technological backwardness of many productions, an unstable financial position
of the majority of the enterprises - all this provokes high level of
uncertainty and instability of operating conditions that creates real threat to
positions of the enterprises in the market. As a result of it the majority of
the enterprises of a services sector unable is high-grade to use the production
capabilities, reducing often own work to fight for a survival instead of steady
functioning.
The analysis of a current state
of economy shows that market conditions put in the forefront problems of a
sustainable development of the enterprise. Problems existing today can't be
solved without formation of the mechanism providing a sustainable development
of the enterprise. At the heart of such mechanism there should be a stability
of the enterprise which is provided at the expense of the deep
transformatsionny processes lifting economic relationship on a new stage of
development, allocating with their new qualitative content and doing them more
viable and effective. The purposes, the priorities moving motives, the economic
relations, forms of their manifestation, behavior of managing subjects, their
communications thus change. It means that the enterprise enters a new
condition, in a new stage of public reproduction which is characterized by an
interlacing of the communications answering to balanced and effective development
of economic system; in other words, enters a certain structural and
organizational optimum of the economic system, which essence - a special form
of implementation of the vosproizvodstvenny process, differing qualitatively
new level of proportionality and equation [1].
As economic event stability of
the enterprise represents a certain period of process of the public
reproduction, meaning steady implementation of reproduction of economic
subjects and their economic relations. In a steady condition managing subjects
most fully realize the interests on all types of the markets and in this regard
receive favorable possibilities of implementation and reproduction of the main
types of activity. As a social and economic form of stability of the enterprise
the vosproizvodstvenny relations which material basis is the income act.
The Vosproizvodstvenny approach
allows to determine specifics of stability of the enterprise as the stage,
being characterized by such subordinatsionny dependence and such interlacing of
economic communications which answer the balanced and effective development of
economic system. It represents a certain structural and organizational optimum
of economic system. According to a vosproizvodstvenny approach it is
possible to determine stability as a special form of implementation of the
reproduction, differing by qualitatively new level of proportionality and
equation of economic processes. The mechanism of realization of this form
represents interaction of the factors forming or breaking stable equilibrium
that gives the chance to provide necessary degree of flexibility and constancy,
adaptability and survival rate. Organizing economic system, this mechanism
provides first of all its equation. As I.Mayburov notes, «without equation of
all parts and elements of system of production there can not be a steady
process of a social production, its reproduction. Laws of equation and
imbalance have the consequence obligatory and important conditions of stability
and instability, their change the friend the friend, their antagonism that
forms constancy and at the same time dynamism, long duration of a condition of
stability» [3].
It is possible to allocate one more characteristic of economic
stability which is connected with a systematic obnovlyaemost of production and
readiness for a production diversification.
Besides, economic and financial
instability of the Russian economy puts forward very important problem of
development of conceptual provisions and practical tools of providing a
sustainable development of the enterprise. It is connected with that round the
enterprise production and vosproizvodstvenny processes concentrate, productive
forces, material and financial resources are integrated, new relations of
production are reproduced and created. The enterprise as rather independent,
complete and steady organism, serves as a strukturoobrazuyushchy element of
economy and society.
It is known that in the course
of production economic activity the enterprise is influenced by a set of the
factors representing danger to capacity of the enterprise as bases of its
activity and possibilities. Therefore stability of the enterprise should be
considered as the difficult social and economic and organizational and
technical system consisting of interconnected elements (levels) which feature
is the unity of all components of fields of activity of the enterprise of a
services sector.
This feature follows from this
that essentially new relations of production operating in the conditions of
market economy, constant variability of external and internal environments of
functioning of the enterprise cause need to each enterprise not only
independently to carry out the actions, but also completely to be responsible
for their results. In these conditions stability of the enterprise is defined
the same as reliability of its economic activity. Thus the assessment of level
of stability of the enterprise not only shows level of use of resources of the
enterprise, but also gives the chance to define available reserves and to develop
the main directions on their effective application.
Development at level of the
enterprise of strategy of transition to a way of a sustainable development with
system of the purposes, indicators and mechanisms of realization gains special
importance for economy as a whole.
The foregoing is connected with that the modern period
of world production and economic development is characterized by considerable
exasperation of competitive fight. It negatively affects competitiveness and
stability of functioning of the domestic enterprises. In this regard, absolute
importance get not only questions of development of the modern rynochno focused
methods of planning, management, the organization and control of production and
economical activity, but also development of new concepts, approaches,
methodologies to the strategic analysis and management of economic stability of
the enterprise in the conditions of risk and uncertainty. It is connected with
that the modern enterprises the main objective put receiving profit and
increase in market capitalization as a major factor of ensuring
competitiveness. Therefore concerning the enterprises it is necessary to speak
about a sustainable development. The essence of a sustainable development of
the enterprise consists in that in the long period of time high indicators of
social, economic and ecological development were provided.
The
sustainable development of the enterprise of a services sector can be
considered as some kind of compensatory mechanism allowing the enterprise it is
not simple to adapt for destabilizing influence internal and environment, but
also steadily to develop. The stability of development of the enterprise is
higher, the it is less risk of a possible deviation from expected result and on
the contrary [2].
As show results of researches, activity of subjects of
the material sphere in present conditions, in big degree, is defined by the
changes occurring in environment. This approach started to be used recently for
characteristics of those factors of direct and indirect influence which
influence enterprise functions. It is possible to refer emergence and sharp
increase of number of essentially new tasks, unpredictability of conditions and
increase of rates of instability, probability of emergence of strategic
surprises to them.
Reliable basis of a survival of
the enterprise in difficult environmental conditions is elaboration of the
strategy focused not on existing conditions, and on what else it is necessary
to develop. It is a question of the characteristic of economic stability as
development mode. In this case, the strategic approach to management of
development of activity consists in ensuring competitive advantage through
development of the mechanism of a sustainable development of the enterprise. Only
such approach gives to the enterprise a guarantee of stability of position in
the market.
According to a number of
researchers [2,4], as a theoretical basis of the mechanism of a sustainable
development of the enterprise the dynamic theory of development of the
enterprise from which follows serves that for ensuring acritical development
the enterprise should operate with a view of its reduction in a condition of
dynamic balance. However for the mechanism of a sustainable development of the
enterprise to put in the basis only the dynamic theory will be insufficient. In
the conditions of the market it is necessary to mean the management mechanism,
but with the concretized conditions on providing a sustainable development of
the enterprise.
From a position of the theory of
management the problem of a sustainable development looks as follows: there is
a system (world, state or production) which realized need for change of own
behavior and intends to carry out this change. And, change it concerns
fundamental process – development. The system should pass from existing
development to the steady, self-supporting development keeping environment.
Such development should be
carried out only according to the chosen scheme, that is is operated.
Depending on influence of environment, internal
factors, strategic tasks, the current specific features of the enterprise the
mechanism of a sustainable development can include a set of various elements:
organizational and administrative, technological, marketing, financial, investment
etc., considered in various aspects. But this mechanism should give opportunity
of free action to objective economic laws of development of economic system as
complete, uniform organism.
Results of work of the enterprises, their structural
divisions and the economic organizations depend, first of all, on such factors
as:
- productive and economic or conditions necessary for
implementation of economic activity: generally it is factors of resources
(means of labor, objects of the labor and work);
- technical and economic (mechanization and automation
of production, trading and other technological processes, introduction of
achievements of a science, equipment, advanced technology and work
organization);
- social and economic, reflecting a creative initiative
and activity of workers, plant management level.
The complex analysis of factors forms methodological
and information base for formation of the mechanism of a sustainable
development of the enterprise. Interaction of factors reflects the relationships
of cause and effect defining this process.
Research of the factors defining a sustainable
development of the enterprise, represents big complexity as they are influenced
by a set of various conditions the majority from which doesn't give in to a direct
quantitative assessment by means of a certain indicator. The problem of these
indicators – to characterize current state, dynamics and development tendencies
in the future.
Necessary condition for a sustainable development of
the enterprise is its administrative stability which is understood as speed of
reaction of an enterprise management system on external and internal
influences.
The control system of the enterprises of a services
sector includes the following components:
- principles and problems of management;
- administrative resources;
- organizational structure of management personnel;
- legal bases and economic methods of management;
- information and means of its processing.
The control system is dynamic, possesses ability to
development, can pass from one qualitative condition to another, remaining
system. In development control system elements gradually lose ability to carry
out the functions set by it that leads to violation of structure of system. As
a result there is a problem of preservation of structural identity of an
enterprise management system, that is compliance maintenance between structure
of its elements and the functioning purposes. Structural identity of a control
system isn't established automatically, and reached by means of the
organization.
When functioning enterprise management system its
structure constantly resists to changes of elements of system. Therefore
backlog of development of an enterprise management system from environment
requirements is possible. Ability of a control system to keep balance between
changes of elements of system and structure of management and defines
administrative stability of the enterprise.
The basic principles of a sustainable development of
the enterprises is the following:
- tseleoriyentirovannost: achievement of such ratio
between elements at which at the enterprise long-term incentives of a
sustainable development will remain;
- adaptability: the enterprise, as open system, should
be adaptive i.e. adapt to change in environment to continue a sustainable
development on long-term prospect. The external environment is a source of
problem situations in activity of the enterprise which should be revealed in
due time for adoption of adequate decisions. The main condition of adaptability
is flexibility of strategic business management;
- integrity which is reached on the basis of unity of
the following functions: ability of updating (reproduction), addition of
missing elements and transformation of to qualitatively new system,
preservation of financial balance. The principle of integrity is a factor
defining productivity of activity of the enterprise and its financial
stability. It is a question of equation and proportionality of elements of its
activity: operational, investment and financial;
- dynamism: changes in one of parameters of activity
of the enterprise, as a rule, lead to changes in others. Thus during every
moment of time the enterprise is characterized by a certain set of indicators
which reflect efficiency of its production and financial activity. The vector
of a sustainable development of the enterprise gives the chance to define an
enterprise condition during the concrete moment of time.
For ensuring stability of the enterprise application
of strategy of the development, allowing to resist to negative impact of
environment for the purpose of ensuring steady competitive advantage and
bankruptcy prevention is necessary. Continuous search of new economic
communications, expansion of sales markets is necessary. Only being in a mode
of continuous updating – technical, technological, personnel, the enterprise
can survive in the conditions of the competition, strengthen the positions in
the market.
Thus,
management of a sustainable development of the enterprise of a services sector
represents a set of the interconnected actions directed on achievement of the
maximum social and economic effect and possibility of transition to
qualitatively new condition by formation and regulation of the relations from
internal and environment.
Literature
1. Batov G. H., Sheozhev M. A. The concept of a
sustainable development in system of formation of production complexes of the
region. – Nalchik: KBNTs Russian Academy of Sciences publishing house, 2010. –
144 ses/
2. Guriyeva L. Strategy of a sustainable development
of the region//Problems of the theory and practice of management. - 2007. - No.
2. -
3. Mayburov I. Sustainable development as
koevolyutsionny process II Society and economy. - 2004. - No. 4.
4. Pchelintsev O. S. Regional economy in system of a
sustainable development. - M: Science, 2004.
5. Salitov L.R. Sustainable development and quality
economic ðîñòà.//Economic sciences. – 2008.–¹11 (48).