Usachev V.
A., Shvager O.D.
Donetsk National University of Economics and Trade
named after Mikhailo Tugan-Baranovsky
INNOVATION IN LOGISTICS: HIGH-TECH CARGO
At
the present time, commercial relationships are formed under conditions of high
competition, uncertainty and volatility of the market environment. In order to achieve success in business it requires the use of modern high-performance
methods and stream
management processes. Logistics is
the most advanced scientific and applied research in this field.
Logistics
is part of the economic science and the area of activity, the object of which
lies in the organization and regulation of the processes of goods from
producers to consumers, the functioning of the sphere of circulation of
products, goods, services, inventory management, creation of the infrastructure
of the movement of goods.
As
logistics solves many tasks, such as: choice of the type of the vehicle; definition
of the routes; organization of cargo transportation; packaging of goods in
containers; inventory management; responsible storage at the warehouse areas;
marking; the formation of national teams of orders; customs services and
another.
Logistics
is efficient management of
tangible, information and financial
flows with the optimal
costs of all the resources for
the complete customers’
requirements.
Currently,
the most perspective directions of the logistics activities are following:
- development
of a contract, project
logistics, formation of strategy
and tactics of logistics corporate services;
- rendering
of specialized logistics services,
such as: the development of fresh
- logistics, «cold» logistics, automobile logistics,
agricultural logistics,
pharmaceutical, logistics, etc.;
- formation
of an integrated logistics support
of the product life cycle, which is especially important
for high-tech products and
products with short life cycles, such as : computers, mobile phones etc.;
- development
of «lean logistics», introduction of techniques of «lean production»
and «six sigma» for the purpose of resource-saving
and detection of the sources of resource losses in the implementation of logistics operations;
-
development of «green logistics» because a increasing of environmental
protection and protection
of resources is very important trend.
Nowadays, the necessity of qualitative logistics
services is increasing under conditions of international
standard development. Modern conditions require an integrated approach to innovative storage and handling products.
Imports of goods and logistics are a set of complex processes, which are directly dependent on the time and money. It is unacceptable
to lose neither one nor the other, so, advanced technologies are needed. Therefore, it is necessary to focus on innovative elements
in the work. In the field
of high technologies such innovations can be presented by:
1. Electronic declaration - the complex hardware and software that allows
you to carry out customs clearance of goods and vehicles in electronic form.
Communication between customs representative and customs inspector is possible
in mode of real-time electronic communication channels. This can significantly
speed up and simplify the process of goods production.
2. Electronic technology for remote release of goods - a
technology that allows you to optimize logistics solutions, to minimize the influence
of subjective factors, reduces the flow of heavy vehicles through
the cities, decreases circulation
of documents.
3. Cargo tracking - a unique design that allows real-time control of
the passage of cargo through the nodal points in the supply chain. This electronic system allows to obtain accurate
and current information about the
cargo any terminal (laptop,
smartphone, iPhone, etc.) at any time and, accordingly, to plan further
activity.
4. Satellite monitoring. Satellite monitoring
system allows you to monitor where exported goods are up
to a kilometer.
Thus,
these and other innovations will correctly build
and coordinate all logistical
processes, material, information and service flows, optimize resources, improve business processes, optimize merchandising in
modern logistics.
LITERATURE
1.Raysberg B. A.,
Lozovskiy L. Sh., Starodubtseva E. B. Modern economic dictionary. - M.:
INFRA-M,2007.
2.B. A.Anikina,
T. A.Ðîäêèíîé Logistics. - 2-e. - Moscow: the Prospectus, 2010. - With. 406. - ISBN
978-5-392-01325-8
3.Anikin B.
A.Workshop on logistics. The training manual.- Moscow: Infra-M, 2007.