Yegorov V.V., Yerakhtina I.I., Ugartseva S.M.,

Karaganda State Technical University, Kazakstan

MODERN TENDENCIES OF REFORMING

HIGHER EDUCATION IN KAZAKHSTAN

Social-and-economical transformations in the Republic of Kazakhstan connected with stabilization of the market relations, establishing various kinds of property, business, appearing competitiveness, change principally the requirements to the educational system on the whole and to specialists' training at higher schools especially.

Intensive temps of the development of scientific-and-engineering progress influence significantly the contents and character of labor, increase the share of creative component in the activities, and this requires the strengthening intellectual preparing of a person to labor. In the modern conditions with sharp and quick increase of the volume of necessary for a person knowledge it's impossible to emphasize the acquiring of a certain sum of facts. It's important to teach the ability of acquiring new knowledge independently, of orienting in the rapid flow of information.

The professional activities in the modern conditions acquire from a qualified specialist using a wide spectrum of abilities, developing all the individual, physical and intellectual qualities. The development requires a continuous changing of quality specialists' characteristics. They must be organized, initiatively thinking people, possessing principally new technological culture.

In the connection with the above-mentioned it's necessary to note that today the development becomes a key word of the pedagogical process, the essential, deep concept of teaching. The requirements to specialists suppose that it's necessary to revise radically the requirements to the system of teaching at higher school. Pedagogical specialists formulated a number of recommendations to form the approaches to train specialists at higher school. They are:

- strengthening practical purposefulness of the course contents;

- changing accents in the academic activity to students' intellectual development at the expense of decreasing the share of the reproductive activity;

- increasing the weight of tasks for professional self-education, self-development, interaction in learning, using knowledge;

- accounting the knowledge got by students outside the educational institution, from different sources of information.

A modern and a future employer is interested in such a worker who is able to think independently and to solve various problems (to use the knowledge acquired for their solving); who possesses a critical and creative thinking; possesses a rich vocabulary based on the deep understanding of humanistic knowledge.

Those students who will be able to use their knowledge only in a familiar situation will get diplomas, but they won't be able to work with information independently and to acquire knowledge, won't be a success in the information society of the XXI century. Thus, a graduate from a modern higher school who will live and work in the new thousand years, in the post-industrial society, must possess certain personal qualities, such as:

1. To be able to adapt flexibly in the changing living situations, independently acquiring necessary knowledge, using it practically for solving various problems, in order that during the whole life to be able to find his place in it.

2. To estimate himself adequately, to think independently and critically, to be able to see appearing in the real world difficulties and to find the ways of their rational overcoming using modern technologies; to know firmly where and how their knowledge can be used in the surrounding reality; to be able to generate new ideas, to think creatively.

3. To work skillfully with information, to be able to select the facts necessary for a certain problem studying, to do necessary generalizations, comparisons with analogous or alternative variants, to establish statistical laws, to formulate argument conclusions and on their basis to reveal and to solve new problems.

4. To be communicable, contact in different social groups, to be able to work in a collective in various fields preventing conflict situations or finding the way out of them.

5. To work independently on the developing of the own cultural level, morality, intellect.

The interests of the significant improving of the personnel provision of enterprises, different organizations and institutions of Kazakhstan put the problem of taking cardinal measures for transferring to the qualitatively new level of higher school specialists' training, specialists able to do their professional duties on a qualitatively new level. This, the main strategic line of the developing the system of higher education is on the way of solving the problem of such education, where student's personality would be in the centre of the teacher's attention, and students' activities would be a kind of learning, studying, creative activity carried out by the scheme "student-information source-teacher". It's the way of building educational systems in the leading countries of the world.

In the new educational paradigm a student is considered not as an object who reacts to the external actions of the teacher and changes only under their influence, but as a subject, i.e. a person able to transform a routine activity into a creative one, able of self-organizing and self-developing, with a high level of creative professional potential, able of the adequate self-estimation.

A higher school teacher must be sure in the value and dignity of every student's personality independently on his work success or failure, must be convinced that every student is able of self-developing. He must ensure students' inner motivation development to learning as a foundation of acquiring a quality education and creative professional thinking. To achieve the purposes mentioned a teacher-an adept of the traditional reproductive teaching is to revise his attitude to the productive, creative, eurestic education. Teachers' professional thinking is directly connected with the putting and solving professional tasks and is represented by three levels: a strategic one, a tactic one and an operative one. The degree of these levels development and their combination give the main basis for selecting four types of professional thinking: Low, primitive one is demonstrated in that the teacher doesn't see defects of the existing educational system; Limited one is demonstrated in that the teacher sees the defects in teaching and managing, but he considers that they can be eliminated by the way of methodical improving the traditional methods; Prospective one is demonstrated in that the teacher not only sees the defects, but he feels the necessity of cardinal transformations connected with the overcoming of the formed stereotypes of pedagogical thinking; High, developed one is demonstrated in that the teacher is able not only to estimate the defects of the traditional forms and methods of work, but to understand the essence of the changes taking place.

The above-mentioned classification of the types of the teacher's professional thinking will allow him to analyze independently his own pedagogical activities.

Higher school system of education often suppresses student's ability to create due to the fact that teachers are eager to instill in their students the will to think in accordance to the given standards. Copying the standards is not a creative process. Learning as a creative process must give a student inner satisfaction and pleasure. The teacher is to look forward to students' being interested in acquiring new knowledge and this is to give students pleasure.

According to the words of the well-known Russian academician B.S. Gershunski, "Education is not only and even not so much the translation of information (even the most valuable and useful for the personality establishing), not even and not so much an appeal to the intellect (though it would no sense to deny it at all), but an appeal to feelings, to the individual inner world of a man, to his attitude to the world, world outlook, world view"[1].

In the plan of methodical approaches to forming students' knowledge there are necessary radical changes. The knowledge born in the process of independent creative intellectual thinking of a student will have the highest value for him. Acquiring non-conformist, asking, problem knowledge will permit students to overcome forming a false all-knowing and to build a reliable base for forming a creative person's potential, stimulating learning activity, will to think and to act continuously.

Literature

1. Gershunski B.S. The computerization process in education. Problems and prospects. – Ì., 1987. – 264 p.