Ozerova T. J., Moiseieva F. A.
Donetsk National University of Economy and Trade named after M. Tugan-Baranovsky
THE PROBLEM
OF VALUES IN THE MODERN SCIENCE
Modern European civilization,
during the period of globalization
processes, often faces with
questions about positive and negative aspects of the further development of technological civilization, which has based on science and its artifacts. In this connection, the issues about purpose
and means of development
of science itself, its internal contradictions, its value orientations, the relationship between
science and other forms of culture and its relationship with religion, raises.
Science - is, first of all, the specific form of culture, it generates a specific, aggressive form of rationality, which is evolving
in a complex historical and social context. In the Western European
sense, the science is special
kind of cognitive activity aimed
at the development of objective, systematic and organized based
knowledge about the world.
Modern science hasn’t already just driving force of world
civilization, means for solving the tasks of humanity but its powerful, not
always controlled by the force and separate social paradigm.
The results of its development are advances
in space, changes
in the program of a living
organism, a computer technology, a incredible possibilities
for communication etc.
Modern science has
created the phenomenon of high
technology, meaning the achievements of modern science, embedded in manufacturing,
primarily in the information sphere,
microelectronics, nanotehnology, bioengineering, etc. The formation of the society of the new technological order, style economy, based on the achievements of the scientific revolution - modern sociogenesis
absolutely associated with a change of value paradigms, ethics of
science, in the end of the subject. If science - it is the cultural
and historical human activities,
the analysis of scientific rationality and
scientific knowledge will be a complex, multi-disciplinary research, providing for the synthesis of various types and forms of knowledge and
spirituality.
Apparently,
it’s time is going to look at the science
otherwise and clearly aware of the fact that not only certain ways
and methods of science involve
the selection of appropriate values-based,
the very premise of
choice is a fundamental value
orientation, which is taken as
the base in the culture. Understanding and accounting for this will be continue to
effectively work within the existing science project. Any other type of reflection is beyond the scope of the project and will leads to the formation of another alternative to the existing type of science and scientific
rationality.
Modern science has a many different values. For values-goals
should include the benefits and the truth. Values-means are informative
(novelty and originality, evidence, continuity), aesthetic
(beauty) and moral values (democracy, community,
disinterestedness and organized skepticism).
Enlightenment worldview has deformed
at the end of the twentieth century,
based on the recognition of the
objectivity and determination of
the world, in view of the
omnipotence of reason, that the
scientific outlook gives a picture of
the real world in his condition. Features of development of
science have called into question the objectivity of scientific information.
Became visible limitations of science
in solving important problems.
In this case, there is a tendency
that science can become a global problem – it’s
not itself able to control their own development.
All of this suggests that
science is losing its credibility in the stability of modern life. In the second half of the twentieth century representatives of
various philosophical tendencies: critical realism, postmodernism, and others (Popper, P. Feyerabend, Toulmin S., M. Foucault, M. Polanyi, T. Kuhn and
others) were subjected to a
comprehensive critique of the
principle of objectivity of scientific knowledge,
which is eliminable subject, claims neutrality or freedom
of scientific theories of values and ethics. According to Toulmin S.,
the ideal of scientific objectivity
is questionable, because we are partners
in this world, and not outsiders.
Therefore, the science and ethical values interact and
can’t be completely isolated from each
other. But the value of scientific research can not be considered
universal, ideal, and distribute them to the ethics of
society. Obvious, incompetence and destructiveness to society attempts to remove ethical
principles of the science (and
this contradicts the very notion of science, scientific method and scientific truth).
Ethics of science is not equal to
any individual ethics
or the ethics of
society. In the research study
is an important ethical dimension,
but it is only a limited range of values. Ethical values of science can not provide
the necessary motivation for a person of ethical choices
in the other, the private sphere.
Science is not able to provide a self-sufficient basis from which one could deduce
ethical principles, but it can show the
restrictions on human behavior, human nature. But without science, today it is
impossible to form a world
in which modern man makes the decisions, which can be more or
less reliably assessed using the scientific method.
Literature:
1. Каган
М.С. Философская теория ценности. - СПб.: Петрополис, 1997.
2. Лэйси Х.
Свободна ли наука от ценностей? Ценности и научное понимание / Под ред. В.А. Яковлева. - М.: Логос, 2001.
3. Хоружий
С.С. Кризис европейской классической этики в антропологической перспективе //
Этика науки. – М., 2007.