Экология/5.Проблемы экологического воспитания молодежи.

G.Spankulova

Kazakh National Pedagogical University named after Abai,

Institute of Microbiology and Virology, Kazakhstan

The basis of the formation of ecological culture in society is ecological education

Society is the result of a long evolutionary change of nature that is the existence of community which is the transition of the movement of matter to high social form. If the existence of community is directly connected with the work process and its performer is the person. A work is an active treatment of a person towards nature. Human being regulates nature according to his needs and with the help of the work process makes his own natural power work. Indeed there will not be kept the same equality in all of them. In this case, there will arise some difficulties in social-ecological development of society.

Education is the wonderful phenomenon which provides society with social, cultural and scientific progress and it is the high value for people and for community. Its main function is to form and develop people’s humanity, mentality and creative ability. And our sovereign homeland’s main mission in its development clarified the principal objectives and content of education system in this regard.

It’s well-known that country’s president N.A. Nazarbaev in his developing strategy programme “Kazakhstan-2030” gave a particular attention to the problem of teaching ecology.

In the time of protecting the environment the significance of education problem is increasing day after day. The formation of ecological upbringing will contribute to the development of community. Consequently, its essential place in thought of social classes, individual will be the particular contribution to the development of civil community.

In our sovereign country’s 1997year-accepted law, that is about the protection of the environment, there were pointed out the problem of ecological education and the formation of ecological culture in education system. Also there was emphasized the necessity of the realization of teaching ecology from school to university.

According to present-day requirements, the development of science and technology, dramatic developments of industries in accordance with the needs of outgrow community’s strength are engendering a lot of changes. An awareness of harmful things for our organism which is aroused from this industry’s rest directly depends on the level and on the quality of ecological education.

Nowadays, the usage of natural resources is been operating by robbing. In fact, the laws about the protection of the environment and the protected lands, and the needed standard legal bases, even economical mechanism we have are not working as in their expected level. And the main reason of this fact is the low level of civilian’s ecological culture.

Ecological culture is an ecological literacy and the state of being informed of civilian, an activeness and reliability of daily operating standards of the reasonable usage of nature.

Nowadays, teaching ecology and the problems of upbringing are the main directions of general education and the development of education system. It is impossible to create a public ecological thought without ecological knowledge. Public thought on ecology is the strong fact in coping with the ecological problems.

The formation of the ecological state in Kazakhstan influences people’s health and thus the ecological security is one of the strategic duties of the regions of the Government. If we put emphasis on this, the ecological security is the provision of people’s stable living condition and normal living.

One of the reasons of falling into decline of ecological state is the low level of people’s ecological education. According to it the need of teaching ecology will occur. The formation of an academic process in the basis of ecological theory and methodology we can find in “biosphere-ionosphere” concept of academician V.I. Verndskii. And his main principle is to fight for pollution of the environment, and to find minerals for solution of problems of agriculture and medicine and to foresee [1].

One of the most essential tasks of society is to equip youth with the theoretical and practical knowledge on the basis of science and the protection of the environment. There are included courses on ecology and many subjects are taught by connecting with ecology at the universities. Opening the course on ecology at universities gives a great opportunity for future specialist to define the impact of the environment on man’s health. Professional specialist does have to limit to research not only his sphere but also he must be educated in ecology.

Nowadays demand of society and our nation’s new ideology require the young generation to improve their readiness to protect nature by raising to a new quality beginning from school. In the Constitution of Republic of Kazakhstan it is emphasized that the protection of the environment is the honourable aim of each Kazakh. There it is said “the government aims at protecting the environment which is convenient for people’s life and people’s health” [2]. One of the main requirements of our Constitution is to strengthen the protection of nature and to realize the usage of natural resources reasonably. On the basis of this law the ecological education system of our Republic and organizations which aim to protect the environment focus on the education of a new generation to protect the environment. The strengthening of the independence of our country, prospering the citizenship and high morality, reviving of real cultural-ethnic heritage, saving national identification and all are directly connected with schools and universities. The teacher’s duty in the society is to teach the student from his first steps at school to respect his parents and teachers, to save and protect the environment, his motherland and to develop humaneness qualities. One of the today’s important obligations is to give to young generation the ecological education and to teach to protect and to be careful with nature. Ecological education is a new branch in pedagogical sciences which is considered to be an integral part of continuous education of young generation. Nowadays, the government is aiming at creating a comfortable condition for making the youth’s action be reasonable from the primary school and making the ecological understanding adequate with the help of the content of ecological education.

The aim and the importance of teaching ecology lie in formation of ecological thinking and culture. In present time, it is obviously indentified that we need an organization of ecological education. And continuous teaching programme can manage such kind of organization. Programme will realize a harmonious work of all participated subjects in education process and will help to determine the functions of each of them.

For development of ecological education as the basis of the formation of ecological culture of society we need:

- to form a continuous ecological education system by implementing ecology in all levels of educational system and programmes;

- to improve competences and to train personnel in the sphere of ecology for all: compulsory and supplementary education system;

- The Government needs to support educational system of ecology;

- to systematize all basic knowledge in the sphere of protecting the environment and to combine scientific researches [3].

From gaining independence, there is been creating a comfortable condition by government for protecting the environment honestly, but this problem should be improved according to the requirements of time in the process of ecological education.

The main aim of ecological education is to explain to nation a harmony between humanity, community, nature and the environment and to explain the right usage of it and also to provide a responsible treatment towards nature. A compliant discussion between human and nature is realized in the national, ecological and cultural frame.

Ecological culture should be entered in all sphere of education and should contain all groups of population. It should be developed as the ability of society which is capable to be in balance with nature. A lot of scientists and specialists thought that the ecological crisis could be prevented on the basis of ecological culture; the main meaning is the harmonic development of a man with a natural environment also considering the environment not only as material, but also as spiritual values.

Ecological education should be taught in society systematically by achieving the ecological culture and considering nature as your own mother is the proper obligation of each human.

1. Вернадский В.И./ Химическое строение биосферы Земли и её окружение. – М.: Наука, 1965.

2. Конституция Республики Казахстан 1995 год (c изменениями и дополнениями на 21.05.2007 г.)

3. Концепция экологической безопасности Республики Казахстан на 2004-2015 годы, 2003.

РЕЗЮМЕ

В статье рассматривается важность экологического образования и воспитания в формировании экологической культуры в обществе.