Экономические науки/
10.Экономика
предприятия.
KIT LESYA
PhD student, Institute for Regional Studies
of NAS of Ukraine,
Lviv, Ukraine
COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES OF NETWORKING BUSINESS
STRUCTURES IN THE MODERN ECONOMY
In the mid-80 century in the developed
world was recorded a new type of
business, which are called network structure, and today
we can say that these structures
in certain sectors of economy of Ukraine
took quite an
important place. The emergence of
the phenomenon of network organization of economic activity due to increased competition in the market of producers and consumers, accelerating the process of updating technology not only in manufacturing
but also in the management of economic
activities.
Creating business networks promotes regional trade
consumer markets, job creation, investment in development areas, more rapid dissemination of innovation and improve the
quality of services provided to the public. In addition, the study features a network model of spatial organization of
the economy and the functioning of
specific network businesses
directly related to the problem of
improving business efficiency.
Network is the basic concept of the network economy.
Network model of the
economy can be viewed from two
perspectives. The first is based
on the principles of network economy,
which includes the economic activities carried out by electronic or digital communications network in various economic sectors. This activity involves
the use of modern resources
of the Internet and the development of
e-business, including e-commerce («e-commerce») [6, p.153].
Another
approach related to the corporatisation of the economy, which includes operation of integrated forms of business organization on the basis of network organization.
Essence network approach in this case is to replace
the multi vertically organized hierarchies and
specialized business units
whose activity is coordinated by market mechanisms, clusters of firms and other economic
objects, seeking to expand the horizontal
connections by bringing new
elements capable of communicative
within the network [1, p.78-83].
Therefore
business network (business network, business
structure) - an association of businesses,
which is characterized by common economic
and financial interests of the activity
is determined by the concentration of capital, localization efforts of each link on
a certain segment development,
coordination instruments internal financial and economic
mechanism in order to achieve certain
goals, common interests of the owners of capital.
According to O.Yuldashevoyi, V.Kateneva, S.Polonskoho [7] the
main factor that led to the rapid
development of a network of
business was that hierarchical forms not
withstand new market realities, including accelerated development of science and
technology and information technology, the need
for rapid innovation, more individualized needs of consumers.
Of course, the network form, like any other form of economic activity has
its advantages and disadvantages. For example, E.R. Meteleva notes that "... because the network
is based on horizontal interactions indefinitely large number of number of participants,
the objective existence of network
organizational structure is in receipt of benefits
by all members of the network" and "benefits from participating
in the network are distributed more or less evenly among
all its members" [4, p.71].
The network form of organization provides all network members together and each
participant separately increased flexibility and the ability to quickly perform tasks optimal or
close to optimal way.
The key factors of stability
and efficiency of business networks usually are recognized: the coordination of
information communications (presence of general network information resource
that quickly replenished), the coherence of the network, availability and
performance intranet mandatory functional standards defined intra-corporate
culture, trust between network members.
In his T.A. Stewart argues
that "the company network structure is able to self: people grouped around
projects to be carried out" [5, p.368]. This same idea
operates E.R. Meteleva, which states that "the key features of network
structures is their reproduction, no strongly expressed depending on the composition
of participants" [4, p.71].
Despite the many benefits of
network forms of business organization, the researchers also point to
weaknesses in their development:
- the growth of monopoly and
less competition in the market;
- reducing the effectiveness
of the absence of a clear consolidation objectives of the network and slow
decision-making procedures at its significant expansion;
- increase dependency
constraints conduct by further loss of independence now;
- reducing the flexibility of
management;
- blurring the boundaries
between organizations due to complications of relationships between members of
the network;
- increase transaction costs
as a result of increased investment in the maintenance and development of
inter-firm relationships that may be ineffective.
However, despite these problems related to the business activities of these
networks structure, in our opinion, have a significant potential
for improving the efficiency of business.
As a sustainable competitive
advantage online business and
also recognize that
the basis for the functioning of these
structures inherent management processes, rather
than individual features. If the
number of economic entities starting out on the basis of voluntary and sustainable cooperation, such cooperation takes the form of joint ventures, franchising schemes,
various contract and sub-contract
relations and other integrated organizations where actions
are planned and managed together.
Presented in favor of the effectiveness of business networks arguments and analysis
positions scientists about these structures inherent competitive advantages can expand their list, including:
1. The system of long-term cooperative interactions formally independent
entities, based on the joint use of
resources, especially the system of
values and organizational and
managerial interactions characterizing
network business structure;
2. Independent individual companies have the chance to function as
part of a powerful economic
structure, way of integration
strategy if become members of
the network business structure;
3. Network organization
can be formal, that has a certain structure, and informal - little or unstructured.
In all cases, the basis of the existence of a network is the ability to quickly establish the right connections in order to accelerate the inclusion of market processes.
4. Competitive advantages
of each partner (even minor) by forming a
complementary new competitive network businesses
in general (multiplier effect and
synergy).
5. Implementation of the
principles of cooperation, specialization,
rational distribution functions in network integration creates
conditions for sustainable development of the participants networked structures of flexible
market policies.
6. Internal and external markets network business structure are formed according to the principles of cooperation, coordination, inter-economic
relations, specialization of each
participant network.
1.
Бульба С.А.
Економічна сутність підприємницьких мереж / С.А.Бульба // Актуальні проблеми
економіки. – 2010. - №11. – С.78-83.
2.
Дідківська Л.І.
Тенденції розвитку роздрібних торгівельних мереж та їх вплив на конкурентне
середовище // Актуальні проблеми економіки. – 2006. – №8. – С. 119-125.
3.
Кавун О.О.
Підприємницькі мережі у роздрібній торгівлі України: сутність, класифікація і перспективи формування /Економіка та управління підприємствами / Актуальні
проблеми економіки №5, 2010, с.96.
4.
Метелева Е.Р.
Разработка теоретико-методологических положений сетевого подхода[Текст] / Е.Р.Метелева// Проблемы теории и практики
управления. – С.69–72.
5.
Стюарт А.Т.
Интеллектуальный капитал. Новый источник богатства организаций; [пер. c англ. В.Ноздриной] / А.Т. Стюарт. – М. :
Поколение, 2007. – С.368.
6.
Шульц С.Л. Формування
та розвиток економічного простру регіонів України: дис. доктора екон. наук:
08.00.05 / Шульц Світлана Леонідівна. – Львів, 2012. – С.153-154.